Outcome-Based Education (OBE)

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 Deficiencies of Traditional Education

 Provides students with a learning

environment with little attention to • Do you think
whether or not students ever learn
the material. these are all
 Students are given grades and true?
rankings compared to each other
– students become exam • Are there any
oriented or CGPA driven. other
 Graduates are not completely variables
prepared for the workforce.
 Lack of emphasis on soft skills
involved?
needed in jobs e.g.
communication skills,
interpersonal skills, analytical
skills, etc.
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 OBE => Outcome Based Education
Outcome => Output => Result / Product =>
University Product => Performance of Graduates & Alumni

OBE is a process that involves assessment and

evaluation practices in education to reflect the
attainment of expected learning and showing
mastery in the program area.

Program => ?????

Students => Learning in a program
Graduates => Completed the program
Alumni => Ex-students, now working

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Outcome-Based Education (OBE)

• OBE is an educational process that focuses on what students can do or the

qualities they should develop after they are taught.
• OBE may involve the restructuring of curriculum, assessment and reporting
practices in education to reflect the achievement of high order learning and
mastery rather than accumulation of course credits.
• Both structures and curricula are designed to achieve those capabilities or
qualities.
• Discourages traditional education approaches based on direct instruction of facts
and standard methods.
• It requires that the students demonstrate that they have learnt the required skills
and content.

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5
 New Bloom’s Taxonomy

Anderson & Krathwohl

(2001)
based on Bloom (1956)

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 OBE in a nut shell

 What
What do
do you
you want
want the
the students
students to
to have
have or
or able
able to
to do?
do?

 Knowledge,
Knowledge, Skill,
Skill, Affective
Affective


 How
How can
can you
you best
best help
help students
students achieve
achieve it?
it?

 Student
Student Centred
Centred Delivery
Delivery


 How
How will
will you
you know
know what
what they
they have
have achieved
achieved it?
it?

 Assessment
Assessment

How

 Evaluation
Evaluation through
through DQEC,
DQEC, Continuous
Continuous

 How do
do you
you close
close the
the loop
loop
Quality
Quality Improvements
Improvements

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Issues on Implementation of OBE
 Effective Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs)
 Effective Programme Learning Outcomes (PLOs).
 Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
 Practical Assessment Tools.
 Effective & Robust Assessment Planning.
 CQI procedures in place

Management Driven! Management Commitment!

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 Different Levels of Outcomes

Programme Educational Objectives Few years after

Graduation – 4 to 5 years

Programme Learning Outcomes Upon graduation

Course Learning Outcomes Upon subject completion

Weekly/Topic Outcomes Upon weekly/topic

completion

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 Institutional
Stakeholders Interest
Mission Statement

Programme Educational Objectives

Programme Learning Outcomes

(Knowledge, skills, attitudes of graduates)

Outcome-Related Course Learning Outcomes

(Ability to: explain, calculate, derive, design)

Assessment of Attainment Level

Continual Improvement

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 PROCESSES
PLANNNIN
G

ADMINISTRATION

DECISIONS

PLANNING

PEOPLE
 Questions about this
program
Lower Order Q Higher Order Q

• WHAT

• WHO • WHY

• WHERE • HOW
• WHEN
• WHAT IF
• WHICH
 Model B: Greater emphasis on skills and attitude at the early years but
lesser toward the middle years and back to greater emphasis near
graduation

Semester 8 Skills &

Development Concept of Outcome-based Education Attitude

1. programmeme Objectives 2. programmeme Outcomes

Knowledge
PEC/HEC requirements PEC/HEC requirements

Employers’ requirements WA requirements

Society's requirements Faculties’ expectations

Semester 1
University’s vision and mission Employers' requirements

Semester 8 Skills &

Attitude

3. Develop Curriculum Structure

4. Develop Course Learning outcomes

Knowledge

5. Develop Topic outcomes

Semester 1

Model A: Equal emphasis on the knowledge,

skills and attitude from the early years until
Assessment and Evaluation for Continual Improvement graduation

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Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)

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 Contents

• History of Education
• Deficiencies of Traditional Education
• Outcome Based Education (OBE)
• Roles of Lecturers
• Roles of Students
• Q&A

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 Standard Accreditation Criteria

 Academic Curriculum
 Students
 Academic and Supporting Staff
 Facilities
 Quality Management System

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 Accreditation Criteria

• Academic Staff
 Academic qualifications
 Professional qualification, experience &
development
 Research/publication/consultancy
 Industrial involvement
 Teaching load/contact hours
 Motivation and enthusiasm
 Use of lecturers from industry/public bodies
 Aware and practice of OBE

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 Deficiencies of Traditional Education

 Provides students with a learning environment with little

attention to whether or not students ever learn the
material.
 Students are given grades and rankings compared to
each other – students become exam oriented or CGPA
driven.
 Graduates are not completely prepared for the
workforce.
 Lack of emphasis on soft skills needed in jobs e.g.
communication skills, interpersonal skills, analytical
skills, etc.

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What Is Outcome Based Education?

IT’S NOT WHAT WE TEACH,

IT’S WHAT YOU LEARN

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 Outcome-Based Education

• OBE is an educational process.

• Directed/focussed at achieving certain specified outcomes in
terms of individual student learning.
• Outcomes - key things students should understand and
be able to do or the qualities they should develop.
• Both structures and curricula are designed to achieve those
capabilities or qualities.
• Educational structures and curriculum are regarded as
means not ends. If they do not do the job they are rethought
(Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)).

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 Outcome-Based Education
Employers Rating of Skills/Qualities – 2002
• Communication (verbal & written) 4.69
• Honesty/Integrity 4.59
• Teamwork skills 4.54
• Interpersonal skills 4.50
• Strong work ethics 4.46
• Motivation & initiative 4.42
• Flexibility/adaptability 4.41
• Analytical skills 4.36
• Computer skills 4.21
• Organisational skills 4.05
• Detail oriented 4.00
• Leadership skills 3.97
• Self confidence 3.95
• Friendly/outgoing personality 3.85
• Well mannered / polite 3.82
• Tactfulness 3.75
• GPA (3.0 or better) 3.68
• Creativity 3.59
• Sense of humour 3.25
• Entrepreneurial skills/risk taker 3.23 21
 Outcome-Based Education

OBE addresses the following key questions:

• What do we want the students to have or be able to do?
• How can we best help students achieve it?
• How will we know whether they students have achieved it?
• How do we close the loop for further improvement
(Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI))?

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 Outcome-Based Education

What are Expected of Students under OBE?

• Students are expected to be able to do more challenging
tasks other than memorize and reproduce what was taught.
• Students should be able to: write project proposals,
complete projects, analyze case studies, give case
presentations, show their abilities to think, question,
research, and make decisions based on the findings.
• Be more creative, able to analyze and synthesize
information.
• Able to plan and organize tasks, able to work in a team as a
community or in entrepreneurial service teams to propose
solutions to problems and market their solutions
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 Outcome-Based Education

Benefits of OBE:

 More directed & coherent curriculum.

 Graduates will be more “relevant” to industry & other
stakeholders (more well rounded graduates).
 Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) is in place.

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 Outcome-Based Education

Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)

Say what you do

Improve it Do what you say

Prove it

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 Model 2

Reflect

Rethink The experience of

learning and
information gathering
Re-plan
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 Model 3

Design Thinking- Prototyping

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 Outcome-Based Education

Programme Educational Objectives (PEO)

Programme Outcomes (PO)

Learning Outcomes (LO)

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 Outcome-Based Education

Programme Educational Objectives (PEO) are long term

goals (5 years or more after graduation) describing
expected achievements of graduates in their career.

PEO of Bac. In TESL (example)

• To develop competent English Teachers and leaders to

support the education sector at primary and secondary
level.

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 Workshop
A template based exercise.

Based on the given Engineering template,

please prepare similar documents for your
students.

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 Outcome-Based Education

Programme Educational Objectives (PEO) are long term

goals (5 years or more after graduation) describing
expected achievements of graduates in their career.

PEO of B.Eng. (Hons) Electronics (Example)

• To develop competent engineers and technical leaders to

support the electronic industry especially in
manufacturing, design and R&D in microelectronics.

Please prepare your example.

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 Outcome-Based Education

Programme Outcomes (PO) are short term outcomes (at

the point of graduation) describing what students are
expected to know and be able to perform.

POs of B.Eng. (Hons) Electronics (Example)

1. Ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of science and
engineering.
2. Capability to communicate effectively.
3. Acquisition of technical competence in specialized areas of
engineering discipline.
4. Ability to identify, formulate and model problems and find
engineering solutions based on a systems approach.
5. Ability to conduct investigation and research on engineering problems in a
chosen field of study.

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 Outcome-Based Education

POs of B.Eng. (Hons) Electronics

6. Understanding of the importance of sustainability and cost-
effectiveness in design and development of engineering solutions.
7. Understanding and commitment to professional and ethical
responsibilities.
8. Ability to work effectively as an individual, and as a member/leader
in a team.
9. Ability to be a multi-skilled engineer with good technical knowledge,
management, leadership and entrepreneurial skills.
10. Awareness of the social, cultural, global and environmental
responsibilities as an engineer.
11. Capability and enthusiasm for self-improvement through continuous
professional development and life-long learning.

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 Outcome-Based Education

Learning Outcomes (LO) of subjects are statements of a

learning achievement on completion of the subject.
LOs of EEN1016 Electronics I:
At the completion of the subject, students should be able to perform the
following tasks:
1. apply the basic concept of band structure, doping and carrier
transport in semiconductor
2. explain the concept and operation principles of PN junction and the
diode application as a circuit element
3. elaborate the operation principles of BJT and its characteristics
4. apply the graphical analysis on the various configurations of BJT as
circuit amplifiers
5. apply the Miller’s Theorem and the hybrid model
6. design, test and analyze the basic diode circuits and transistor
amplifier circuits

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Outcome-Based Education

Program Outcomes Matrix

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 Outcome-Based Education
http://foe/v2/main/undergrad/subject/een1016.html

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 Roles of Lecturers
• Review PEOs, POs, course structures and syllabi.
• Teach the relevant engineering, maths, and other
relevant subjects.
• Conduct relevant tutorials and laboratory practical
sessions.
• Give appropriate guide on assignments and projects.
• Conduct empirical measurements of POs.
• Prepare the required documentation.
• Assure the standard of our graduates.
• Obtain and maintain accreditation through Continuous
Quality Improvement (CQI).

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 Roles of Students
• Know the required Programme Outcomes and Programme
Objectives (available at the FOE website).

• For each course, review the Learning Outcomes (available

at the FOE website/uploaded in MMLS) -- gives you an
idea of the knowledge and skills expected from a particular
course.

• Be more proactive in the learning process to acquire the

Learning Outcomes of subjects.

• Give constructive feedbacks -- Online Teaching Evaluation,

Academic Advisory System, dialog sessions with Dean, etc.

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What are you What you
currently should be
GAP
doing well? doing?
Continue Stop Start
 What are you currently doing well?

TO DO PROGRESS COMPLETION
 References
• Outcome-based education, Wikipedia, (
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outcome-based_education).
• T. A. Grossman, Shifting the Focus from Teaching to Learning:
Learning Objectives for OR Course Design, Masagung School of
Management, University of San Francisco (
http://meetings.informs.org/TMSWorkshop/TMS04/presentations/
Grossman.ppt
).
• S. S. Chong, Outcome-based Education (OBE), 2008, UTAR (
http://www.utar.edu.my/fes/file/OBE.pdf).

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The End

Q&A

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