Introduction • The focus of analysis is on the impacts of business operations on various sectors that it interacts with in its production and distribution activities • The effects are not only economic and commercial but can be social, cultural and environmental as the operation of a business firm has spillover effects on the environment where it operates Framework for Socioeconomic Impact Analysis • In the production and distribution activities of the firm, whether the firm is a buyer of inputs or a seller of its outputs, the firm creates an impact on its sellers and buyers • Direct impacts: felt by suppliers of inputs and owners of factor inputs • Externalities: (spillover effects) benefits and costs incurred by parties outside the transactions between firms and its suppliers; and firms and its buyers Tracing the Impacts Through the Sourcing of Inputs of a Business Firm • Intermediate Inputs – Internal vs External Sources – Independent Suppliers vs Subsidiary of Conglomerate – Raw vs Semiprocessed Inputs – Market Power of the Firm Tracing the Impacts Through the Sourcing of Inputs of a Business Firm • Factor Inputs – Within the Community vs Outside the Community – Direct Employment vs Subcontracting – Minimum Wage vs Market Rate – Organized vs Nonorganized – Human Resource Development – Temporal and Spacial Working Conditions Tracing the Impacts Through the Sourcing of Inputs of a Business Firm • Sourcing Funds for Capital Formation – Own Savings vs Capital Market – Foreign Borrowing vs Foreign Direct Investment – Market Determined vs Regulated rate of Return • Sourcing for Land Inputs – Land Intensity of Business – Location of Business and Opportunity Cost of Land Use Tracing the Impacts Through the Sourcing of Inputs of a Business Firm • Sourcing for Managers and Professionals – Insiders vs Outsiders – In-house vs Outsourced Training • Payment of Taxes Tracing the Impacts Through the Distribution of Outputs of a Firm • Output as Intermediate Inputs – Contributions on Industrial Integration – Contributions to the Productivity of Other Industries • Output as Final Demand – Personal Consumption – Investment – Government Consumption – Exports Accounting for Spillover Effects of a Business Firm • Positive Externality: if the spillover effects enhance the welfare of a third party • Negative Externality: if the third party’s welfare is reduced • We have to recognize that any business transaction will have positive and negative spillover effects to individuals, the immediate community, the society and the environment Viability of a Business Enterprise • All the 4 perspectives we discussed in Chapter 3 are focused on the profitability of a business but viability does not depend on profitability alone • Business viability also considers the impact of the firm’s operations on its stakeholders • Table 4.1 is a guide and checklist in identifying these direct and indirect impacts as well as the positive and negative effects arising from the productive and distributing activities of a firm Recommendations on Managing the Impacts of a Business Enterprise • Improve the productivity of firm’s workers • Source their raw materials, labor, and capital inputs from the community where they operate • Use environmentally friendly alternatives in the production process and distribution procedures • Be socially responsible as commercial enterprises Recommendations on Managing the Impacts of a Business Enterprise • Participate in the production of intermediate goods within the country • Enhance the productivity of the services sector • Carry out measures to protect consumers Synthesis • The socioeconomic impact of a firm can be analyzed in terms of its production and distribution process • The firm has impacts on its suppliers of intermediate and factor inputs • The firm has impacts on the buyers of its output • The firm also has impacts on third parties called spillover effects • Firms have to be conscious about their impacts on various stakeholders as well as third parties • Aside from profitability, proper management of a firm’s socioeconomic impacts can lead to an appropriate evaluation of business viability