HEALTH

PROMOTION
OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM
FKMUA
20 AGT 2021
The Concept
of Health
 Dr. Halfdan T. Mahler.
 Spiritual well-being
 3rd Director-General from 1973 to 1988.
 In 1976, Mahler outlined his vision for a “Health
for All by 2000” initiative.
 Prrimary health care.
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The Milestones
 6 major approaches to public health practice implemented
between ancient times and the contemporary era, defined
more by important milestones than by convention.
 These approaches are (1) public health as health
protection, mediated though societies’ social structures;
(2) the shaping of a distinct public health discipline by
the sanitary movement (“miasma control”); (3) public
health as contagion control; (4) public health as
preventive medicine; (5) public health as primary health
care; and (6) the “new public health”—health promotion
OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM (oedojo@yahoo.com)
 5 08/24/2021

Six Eras in the Evolution of Public

Health
Public Dominant Analytic Action Legacies Incorporated
Health Paradigm Approaches Framewo Into Contemporary
Era rks Public Health
1. Health Diseases may be Interpretation/pro Enforceme Quarantine of illegal
Protec prevented by mulgation of nt of migrants; enforcement of
tion enforced religious and spiritual some environmental
(antiq regulation of cultural rules that practices, protection laws; aspects of
uity– human behavior, are thought by community spirituality in prevention and
1830s) mediated through the ruling elites to taboos, coping with disease; some
societies’ social protect the health customs, occupational and transport
structures. of the individual and safety laws.
and the quarantine.
community.

OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM (oedojo@yahoo.com)

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Six Eras in the Evolution of Public

Health
Public Dominant Analytic Action Legacies
Health Era Paradigm Approaches Frameworks Incorporated Into
Contemporary
Public Health
2. Miasma Addressing Demonstration Centralized action Aspects of Healthy
Control unsanitary that poor health to improve Cities initiatives;
(1840s– environmental and epidemics environmental potable water and
1870s) conditions resulted directly sanitation; public sanitation programs;
may prevent from unsanitary health legislation legal framework for
diseases. physical and relating to implementing public
social minimum health activities;
environments. standards for foundations of modern
drainage, sewage, epidemiology and
and refuse surveillance.
disposal.

OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM (oedojo@yahoo.com)

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Six Eras in the Evolution of Public

Health
Public Dominant Analytic Action Legacies
Health Era Paradigm Approaches Frameworks Incorporated Into
Contemporary
Public Health

3. Contagion Germ Theory: Demonstration Interruption of Evidence-based public

Control positivist of the presence disease health practice; ethical
(1880s– approach to of disease- transmission vaccination practices;
1930s) demonstration causing through improved foundations for
of infectious microorganisms water filtration international
origins of in infected processes; cooperation in health;
diseases. media, their vaccination; foundations for modern
isolation, and standardized chemotherapy.
experimental disease outbreak
transmission. control measures.

OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM (oedojo@yahoo.com)

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Six Eras in the Evolution of Public

Health
Public Dominant Analytic Approaches Action Legacies
Health Era Paradigm Frameworks Incorporated
Into
Contemporary
Public Health

4. Preventive Improvements in Definition of, and Environmental Focus on “high-risk

Medicine public health interventions aimed at, interventions directed groups” in the
(1940s– through focus on main avenues for disease at disease vectors planning and
1960s) the prevention transmission. Medical such as mosquitoes; implementation of
and cure of dominance, with focus on identification and use public health
diseases in treatment of of “useful” microbes; programs; improved
“high-risk communicable diseases enhanced medical understanding of the
groups.” and primary care of care for “high-risk pathogenesis of
“special populations” (e.g., groups”; foundations communicable and
pregnant women and of modern clinical non-comm.
factory workers). pathology. diseases.

OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM (oedojo@yahoo.com)

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Six Eras in the Evolution of Public

Health
Public Dominant Analytic Action Frameworks Legacies
Health Paradigm Approaches Incorporated
Era Into
Contemporar
y
Public Health

5. Primary Health for All: Largely preventive Emphasis on global Concepts

Health effective health health care approach, cooperation and peace; underpinning
Care care geared underpinned by adapting health services to multicultural
(1970s toward the emphasis on equity, countries and communities; health and
– community, for community links between health care Healthy Cities
1980s) the community, participation, and socioeconomic initiatives, health
and by the accessibility of services, development; intersectoral inequalities, and
community. and social determinants cooperation in health community
of health. promotion and disease participation in
prevention; equity in health health promotion
care. activities.

OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM (oedojo@yahoo.com)

 10 08/24/2021

Six Eras in the Evolution of Public

Health
Public Health Dominant Analytic Action Legacies
Era Paradigm Approaches Frameworks Incorporated
Into
Contemporar
y
Public Health
6. Health Advocacy for Individuals and Encapsulated by the
Promotion health; communities may be key action areas of the
(1990s– enabling assisted by educational, Ottawa Charter: build
present) individuals economic, and political healthy public policy;
and actions to increase create supportive
communities control over, and environments;
to attain improve, their health strengthen community
optimal through attitudinal, action; develop
health. behavioral, social, and personal skills; and
environmental changes. reorient health services.

OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM (oedojo@yahoo.com)

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
SERIES ON HEALTH PROMOTION
1. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
17-21 November 1986
2. Adelaide Recommendations on Healthy Public Policy
5-9 April 1988
3. Sundsvall Statement on Supportive Environments for Health
9-15 June 1991
4. Jakarta Declaration on Leading Health Promotion into the 21st Century 21-25
July 1997
5. Mexico Ministerial Statement for the Promotion of Health: From Ideas to
Action 5-9 June 2000
6. The Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World
7-11 August 2005
OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM (oedojo@yahoo.com)
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Jakarta Declaration on Leading Health

Promotion into the 21st Century
 The Fourth International Conference on Health
Promotion: New Players for a New Era -
Leading Health Promotion into the 21st
Century, Jakarta, Indonesia, 21-25 July 1997

OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM (oedojo@yahoo.com)

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PREREQUISITIES FOR
HEALTH
A STABLE ECO-
PEACE
SYSTEM
SHELTER
SUSTAINABLE
EDUCATION RESOURCES
FOOD SOCIAL JUSTICE

INCOME EQUITY

OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM (oedojo@yahoo.com)

 Health promotion is, as stated in the 1986 World
Health Organization (WHO) Ottawa Charter for
Health Promotion, the "process of enabling people
to increase control over, and to improve their
health."
HEALTH PROMOTION ACTION
MEANS
BUILDHEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY
CREATE SUPPORTIVE
ENVIRONMENTS
STRENGTHEN COMMUNITY
ACTION
DEVELOP PERSONAL SKILLS
REORIENT HEALTH SERVICES
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These actions are

interdependent, but
healthy public policy
establishes the
environment that makes
the other four

OEDOJO SOEDIRHAM (oedojo@yahoo.com)

3 STRATEGIES
Advocate
Mediate
Enable
History
 This first publication of health promotion is from
the 1974 Lalonde report from the Government of
Canada, which contained a health promotion
strategy "aimed at informing, influencing and
assisting both individuals and organizations so that
they will accept more responsibility and be more
active in matters affecting mental and physical
health".
Industrial Revolution
 The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history;
almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way.
 The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated
among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.
 Public Health had been a long standing issue in towns and cities.
Plagues and other diseases regularly killed huge numbers. The
industrial Revolution saw the issue of Public Health become a matter
at the heart of government policy. A rising population coupled with
poor housing and long working hours, led to conditions in urban
areas becoming atrocious. Slums quickly grew as cities bore the
weight of the rapid increase in people. Diseases wreaked havoc
TERIMAKASIH