INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

AND PROBABILITY
LESSON 1
 Definition of Terms Related to
Statistics

Statistics is a branch
mathematics that deals with the
collection, classification, description,
and interpretation of data obtained by
the conduct of surveys and
experiments. Its fundamental purpose is
to describe and draw inferences about
the numerical properties of a population.

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 POPULATION
Is a defined group or
aggregates of people, objects,
animals, materials, “things”,
measurements, “events” or
“happenings” of any kind.

Examples are:
 a sack of rice
 a whole pizza pie
 a set of weights and heights

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 SAMPLE
Is defined as any subgroup of the
population drawn by some
appropriate method from the
population.
Examples are:
 some people living in Catmon
 a handful of rice

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Use "population" when: Use "sample" when:

  you know you have  you have a sample of

the entire population. a larger
 you have a sample of population, and you
a larger population, wish to generalize
but you are only your findings from this
interested in this sample to the entire
sample (and you will larger population from
not be generalizing which this sample
your findings to the was taken. The
entire larger sample will be used
population). as an estimate of the
population.

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 POPULATION VS. SAMPLE
For the following problems, decide if the situation is dealing with a
"population" data set, or with a "sample" data set.

1. Mrs. Smith wants to do a statistical analysis on students' final

examination scores in her math class for the past year. Should she
consider her data to be a population data set or a sample data set?

2. A group of students surveys 100 students from their freshman class
to determine the number of pets in each student's household. The
group plans to compute statistical findings on their data and generalize
these findings to the homes of all freshmen students. Should the group
consider their data to be a population data set or a sample data set?

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RANDOM VARIABLES
LESSON 2
 RANDOM VARIABLES

A random variable is a numerical

description of the outcome of a statistical
experiment.

A random variable that may assume only

a finite number or an infinite sequence of
values is said to be discrete.

And one that may assume any value in

some interval on the real number line is said
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Discrete Random Continuous Random
Variables Variables
  the number of defective
computers produced by a  the weight of newborns each
manufacturer year in a hospital
 the number of grade 11
St. Michael students  the speed of a car
 number of students  height of students in class
present
 number of red marbles in a  weight of students in class
jar  time it takes to get to school
 number of heads when
flipping three coins  distance traveled between
 students’ grade level classes
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IN THE CROSS OF CHRIST,
WE FIND LOVE.

THANK YOU!!!

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