PRINCIPLES OF

LEARNING
HORNE & PINE (1990)
PRINCIPLE 1

• Learning is an experience which occurs inside the

learner and is activated by the learner.
PRINCIPLE 2

• Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning

and relevance of ideas.
PRINCIPLE 3

• Learning (behavioral change) is a consequence of

experience.
PRINCIPLE 4

• Learning is a cooperative and collaborative

process. Cooperation fosters learning.
PRINCIPLE 5

• Learning is an evolutionary process.

PRINCIPLE 6

• Learning is sometimes a painful process.

PRINCIPLE 7

• One of the richest resources for learning is the

learner himself.
PRINCIPLE 8

• The process of learning is emotional as well as

intellectual.
PRINCIPLE 9

• The process of problem solving and learning is

highly unique and individual.
LAWS OF LEARNING
THORNDIKE (1932)
LAW OF EFFECT

• Learning is strengthened when accompanied by a pleasant or

satisfying feeling.
• Learning is weakened when associated with an unpleasant
feeling.
• Learning takes place properly when it results in satisfaction and
the learner derives pleasure out of it.
LAW OF EXERCISE

• Things most often repeated are best remembered.

• Students do not learn complex tasks in a single
session.
LAW OF READINESS

• Individuals learn best when they are physically,

mentally, and emotionally ready to learn, and they
do not learn well if they see no reason for
learning.
LAW OF PRIMACY

• Things learned first create a strong impression.

• What is taught must be right the first time.
LAW OF RECENCY

• Things most recently learned are best

remembered.
LAW OF INTENSITY

• The more intense the material taught, the more it

is likely learned.
LAW OF FREEDOM

• Things freely learned are best learned.

• The greater the freedom enjoyed by the students
in the class, the greater is the intellectual and
moral advancement enjoyed by them.