Development of an Introduction

MAEL 207 & ELT 206

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 Introduction in RAs
Opening section of a research paper where
researchers engage in two kinds of competition:
 competition for research space and
 competition for readership

(Swales and Feak, 2004)

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Organization of Introduction:
The CARS Model

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 Move 1
Establishing a Research Territory

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 Claiming Centrality
Opening Statements:
The increasing interest in … has heightened the need for…
Recently, there has been growing interest in …
The possibility of … has generated wide interest in…
The development of … is a persistent problem/issue…
The … has become a favorite topic for analysis…
Knowledge of … has become an important aspect of…
A central issue in … is…
The … has been extensively studied in recent years…
Many recent studies have focused on…

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 Claiming Centrality
Opening Statements:
E1
Education has a central role to play in understanding and adapting to the
changing climate.
E2
Global warming or climate change and its consequences are among the most
pressing issue today.
E3
Dengue, a mosquito-borne disease, is considered a major health problem
worldwide.
E4
The Philippine Army soldiers have been an integral part of each community they
serve.
E5
Instructional materials influence instructional practices and students’ learning.
E6
Environmental education (EE) is a stepping stone towards the successful
conservation and protection of the environment and natural resources.
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 Making Topic Generalization
Opening Statements:
E7
Bukidnon State University is proud of its teacher education flagship.
As a teacher training institution, teachers have to manifest the
characteristics of an effective teacher. They need to have a good academic
preparation, rich experiences and teaching background, knowledge of
content and teaching strategies.
E8
Vulnerability is a broad concept and could have diverse meanings as
defined in different context. Brooks (2003) averred that it can only be used
meaningfully with reference to particular vulnerable situations … Moss,
Brenkert and Malone (2001) identified three dimensions of vulnerability to
climate change. These are the physical-environment dimensions…

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 Introducing Previous Research
Opening Statements:
E9
Recently, the relationship between theory of mind and word
learning has been investigated by various researchers. Research
shows that the mindreading that underlies word learning is due to a
general capacity to infer mental states. Following a line of
investigation, it has been found that …

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 Move 2
Establishing a Niche

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 Counter-Claiming
However, the previously mentioned research has

concentrated on x. neglected to consider x.

disregarded x.
failed to consider x.
ignored x.
been limited to x.
overestimated x.
overlooked x.
been restricted to x.
suffered from x.
underestimated x.

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 Counter-Claiming
Nevertheless, these attempts to establish a link between… and … are at
present

controversial questionable
incomplete unconvincing
inconclusive unsatisfactory
misguided

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 Counter-Claiming
E10
However, as observed, the student teachers and supervising
instructors find it difficult to meet and plan activities that are based
on the background of the students.
E11
Although climate change is an important global concern, only
the specialists can accurately articulate the basic science of climate
change.

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 Counter-Claiming
E12
However, some student teachers claim that they are not
properly inducted by some of their supervising instructors. They
have experienced confusion, miscommunication and frustration
which affected their student teaching experiences.

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 Indicating a Gap
E 13
Climate change education has been taught for more
than a decade, but there seems to be a problem with the
internalization of these lessons into everyday environmental
practices.
E14
Yet, the implementation of a passive optical star has
some major synchronization problems…
 Raising a Question
E15
Currently, one of the most important open questions
about checkability is…
 Move 3
Occupying the Niche

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References
Swales, J.M. and Feak, C.B. (2004). Academic writing for
graduate students: Essential tasks and Skills. USA: University of
Michigan Press.
Valdez, M.G. (Ed)(2010). Bukidnon State University Research
Journal, Vol.7.
Valdez, M.G. (Ed)(2011). Bukidnon State University Research
Journal, Vol.8.

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Development of Abstract and Introduction

Happy Writing!
Students’ Research Forum
on Scientific Writing for a Referred Journal
January 24, 2013
BSU Gymnasium

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