The Nature of Strategic Management: Strategic Management: Concepts & Cases 13 Edition Global Edition Fred David

Chapter 1
The Nature of Strategic Management
Strategic Management:
Concepts & Cases
13th Edition
Global Edition
Fred David
Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -1
Strategic Management –Defined
Art & science of formulating,

implementing, and evaluating,
cross-functional decisions that
enable an organization to achieve its
objectives
Purpose of Strategic Management
To exploit and create new and different

opportunities for tomorrow
Strategic Management
In essence, the strategic plan is a

company’s game plan
3 Stages of the Strategic
Management Process
 Strategy formulation
 Strategy implementation
 Strategy evaluation
Strategy Formulation
Vision & Mission
External Opportunities & Threats
Internal Strengths & Weaknesses
Long-Term Objectives
Alternative Strategies
Strategy Selection
Issues in Strategy
Formulation
Businesses
Businessesto toenter
enter
Businesses
Businessesto toabandon
abandon
Allocation
Allocationofofresources
resources
Expansion
Expansionor or
diversification
diversification
International
Internationalmarkets
markets
Mergers
Mergersororjoint
joint
ventures
ventures
Avoidance
Avoidanceof ofhostile
hostile
takeover
takeover
Strategy Implementation
Annual Objectives
Policies
Employee Motivation
Resource Allocation
Strategy Implementation Steps
 Developing a strategy-supportive culture

 Creating an effective organizational structure
 Redirecting marketing efforts
 Preparing budgets
 Developing and utilizing information systems
 Linking employee compensation to
organizational performance
Issues in Strategy
Implementation
Action
ActionStage
Stageof
ofStrategic
Strategic
Management
Management
Mobilization
Mobilizationof
of
employees
employees&&managers
managers
Most
Mostdifficult
difficultstage
stage
Interpersonal
Interpersonalskills
skills
critical
critical

Strategy Evaluation
Internal Review
External Review
Performance Measurement
Corrective Action

Prime Task of
Peter Drucker: Think through the

overall mission of a business. Ask
the key question:
“What is our Business?”

Integrating Intuition & Analysis
The strategic management process

attempts to organize quantitative and
qualitative information under conditions of
uncertainty

Intuition is based on:

 Past experiences
 Judgment
 Feelings
Intuition is useful for decision making in

conditions of:
 Great uncertainty
 Little precedent
 Highly interrelated variables
 Several plausible alternatives

Intuition & Judgment
Involve management at all levels
Influence all analyses

Adapting to Change
Organizations should continually

monitor internal and external
events and trends so that timely
changes can be made as needed

Key Terms in Strategic Management
 Competitive advantage
 Strategists
 Vision and mission statements
 External opportunities and threats
 Internal strengths and weaknesses
 Long-term objectives
 Strategies
 Annual objectives
 Policies

Strategic Management is
Gaining and Maintaining
Competitive Advantage
Anything that a firm does especially

well compared to rival firms

Achieving Sustained Competitive
Advantage
1. Continually adapting to changes in

external trends and events and internal
capabilities, competencies, and resources
2. Effectively formulating, implementing, and

evaluating strategies that capitalize on those
factors

Strategists
Gather Information
Analyze Information
Organize Information

Vision and Mission Statements
Vision Statement –
What do we want to become?
Mission Statement –
What is our business?

External Opportunities and Threats
Analysis of Trends
 Economic
 Social
 Cultural
 Demographic/Environmental
 Political, Legal, Governmental
 Technological
 Competitors

External Opportunities and Threats
Basic Tenet of Strategic Management
Take
Takeadvantage
advantageof
of
External
ExternalOpportunities
Opportunities
Strategy Formulation
Avoid/minimize
Avoid/minimizeimpact
impactof
of
External
ExternalThreats
Threats

Internal Strengths and Weaknesses
 Controllable
activities performed
especially well or poorly
 Determined relative to competitors

 Typically located in functional areas of the firm
 Management
 Marketing
 Finance/Accounting
 Production/Operations
 Research & Development
 Management Information Systems

Assessing the Internal Environment
Ratios
Performance Measures
Internal Factors
Industry Averages
Survey Data

 Specific results that an organization

seeks to achieve in pursuing its basic
mission
 Long-term means more than one year

 Essential for ensuring the firm’s success

 Provide direction
 Aid in evaluation
 Create synergy
 Reveal priorities
 Focus coordination
 Provide basis for planning, organizing,
motivating, and controlling

Strategies
Means by which long-term objectives

are achieved

Strategies
 Examples
 Geographic expansion
 Diversification
 Acquisition
 Product development
 Market penetration
 Retrenchment
 Divestiture
 Liquidation
 Joint venture

Sample Strategies
 Table 1-1
 Best Buy
 Levi Strauss
 New York Times Company

Annual Objectives
Short-term milestones that firms must

achieve to reach long-term objectives

Policies
Means by which annual objectives will

be achieved

Strategic Management Model
 StrategicManagement Process
 Dynamic & continuous
 More formal in larger

organizations

 Communication is a key to
successful strategic management

Benefits of Strategic Management

Benefits of Strategic Management
 Nonfinancial Benefits
 Enhanced awareness of threats
 Improved understanding of competitors’ strategies
 Increased employee productivity
 Reduced resistance to change
 Clearer understanding of performance-reward
relationship
 Enhanced problem-prevention capabilities

Why Some Firms Do No Strategic
Planning
 Lack of knowledge of strategic planning
 Poor reward structures
 Fire fighting
 Waste of time
 Too expensive
 Laziness
 Content with success

Why Some Firms Do No Strategic
Planning (continued)
 Fear of failure
 Overconfidence
 Prior bad experience
 Self-interest
 Fear of the unknown
 Honest difference of opinion
 Suspicion

Pitfalls in Strategic Planning
Strategic planning is an involved, intricate,

and complex process that takes an
organization into uncharted territory

Effective Strategic Planning is:
 A people process more than a paper process

 A learning process
 Words supported by numbers
 Simple and nonroutine
 Varying assignments, team membership,
meeting formats, and planning calendars
 Challenging assumptions underlying
corporate strategy

Effective Strategic Planning
continued
 Welcomes bad news
 Requires open-mindedness and a spirit of
inquiry
 Is not a bureaucratic mechanism
 Is not too formal, predictable, or rigid

Effective Strategic Planning
continued
 Is not a formal system for control
 Does not disregard qualitative information
 Is not controlled by “technicians”
 Does not pursue too many strategies at once
 Continually strengthens the “good ethics is
good business” policy

Comparing Business and Military
Strategy
 Strategic planning started in the military
 Similarity
 Both business and military organizations must
adapt to change and constantly improve
 Difference
 Business strategy assumes competition
 Military strategy assumes conflict

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mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
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The Nature of Strategic Management: Strategic Management: Concepts & Cases 13 Edition Global Edition Fred David

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Chapter 1

The Nature of Strategic Management

Art & science of formulating,

To exploit and create new and different

In essence, the strategic plan is a

Vision & Mission

External Opportunities & Threats

Internal Strengths & Weaknesses

 Developing a strategy-supportive culture

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -10

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -11

Peter Drucker: Think through the

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -12

The strategic management process

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -13

Intuition is based on:

Intuition is useful for decision making in

 Highly interrelated variables

 Several plausible alternatives

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -14

Intuition & Judgment

Involve management at all levels

Influence all analyses

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -15

Organizations should continually

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -16

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -17

Anything that a firm does especially

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -18

1. Continually adapting to changes in

2. Effectively formulating, implementing, and

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -19

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -20

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -21

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -22

Basic Tenet of Strategic Management

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -23

 Determined relative to competitors

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -24

 Research & Development

 Management Information Systems

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -25

Assessing the Internal Environment

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -26

 Specific results that an organization

 Long-term means more than one year

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -27

 Essential for ensuring the firm’s success

 Provide basis for planning, organizing,

motivating, and controlling

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -28

Means by which long-term objectives

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -29

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -30

 New York Times Company

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -31

Short-term milestones that firms must

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -32

Means by which annual objectives will

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -33

 More formal in larger

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -35

Dr.Sarah Yassein Ch 1 -36