Uniform Circular Motion

 Uniform
Circular motion

the motion of an
object in a circle
at a constant
speed

Velocity is not constant

There are two types of circular
motion

• When an object turns about an internal axis—

that is, an axis located within the body of the
object—the motion is called rotation, or spin.
• When an object turns about an external axis,
the motion is called revolution.
 Forces related to Circular
motion
 Centrifugal Force
 Force that tends to move an object in circular
motion away from the center.

 Centripetal Force
 Force that causes an object to move in a circle path
at a constant speed. The force is directed towards
the center of the circle.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kE_bnPcY75M
Centrifugal Force
Centripetal Force
Two types of speed

Linear speed is the distance traveled per unit of

time.
• A point on the outer edge of the turntable travels
a greater distance in one rotation than a point
near the center.
• The linear speed is greater on the outer edge of a
rotating object than it is closer to the axis.
• The speed of something moving along a circular
path can be called tangential speed because
the direction of motion is always tangent to the
circle.
Tangential Speed (linear)
Tangential speed depends on two things
1. rotational speed
2. the distance from the axis of rotation.
Faster?
Which part of the turntable moves faster—the outer part where the
ladybug sits or a part near the orange center?
***It depends on whether you are talking about linear speed or
rotational speed.***
Rotational speed (sometimes called angular
speed) is the number of rotations per unit of
time.
• All parts of the rigid turntable rotate about
the axis in the same amount of time.
• All parts have the same rate of rotation, or
the same number of rotations per unit of
time.
• It is common to express rotational speed
in revolutions per minute (RPM).
Rotational Speed
All parts of the turntable rotate at the
same rotational speed.
• A point farther away from the center travels a longer path
in the same time and therefore has a greater tangential
speed. (Linear Speed)
Rotational Speed
Remember All parts of the turntable rotate at the same rotational
speed.
A point farther away from the center travels a longer path in the
same time and therefore has a greater tangential speed.
(linear speed)
Therefore, a ladybug sitting twice as far from the center
moves twice as fast.
 Constant Speed, but is there
constant Velocity?
 Remember speed is a scalar quantity
and velocity is a vector quantity.
 The direction of the velocity vector is
directed in the same direction that the
object moves. Since an object is
moving in a circle, its direction is
continuously changing.
 The best word that can be used to describe
the direction of the velocity vector is the
word tangential.
Centrifugal and Centripetal
Force Formula
Sample Problem
 Sample Problem 2
A 3-kgrock swings in a circle rock swings in
a circle of radius of radius 5 m. If its
constant speed is 8 m/s, what is the
centripetal Force?
Given: r = 5m v= 8m/s m= 3kg
 Sample Problem 4
The wall exerts a 600 N force on an 80 –kg person moving
at 4 m/son a circular platform. What is the radius of the
circular path?

Given: r = ? v= 4 m/s F= 600n m = 80kg

 Sample Problem 3
A skater moves with 15 m/s in a circle of radius 30
m. The ice exerts a central force of 450 N. What is
the mass of the skater? the skater?
Given: r = 30m v= 15m/s F= 450n
m=?