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Circular
Motion
Topics
What is circular motion?
What causes circular motion?
The examples of circular motion
Two types of circular motion
Uniform circular motion
non-uniform circular motion
The examples of uniform circular
motion
The examples of non-uniform circular
motion
 The object may move in both the x and y
direction simultaneously. The motion of the
object is said to be a two-dimensional motion.
Two kinds of two-dimensional motion are
projectile motion and circular motion. Now, We
talk about circular motion.

 What is circular motion?

Circular motion is a specific type of a two-

dimensional motion. It is a movement of an object
along the circumference of a circle (or) rotation
along a circular path. We can find many movements
of objects by circular motion in our environment.

An object traveling in a circular path with a

constant velocity and constant radius is
experiencing uniform circular motion. As shown in
the image below, the velocity vector for objects in
uniform circular motion always points tangential to
the circle. Since the velocity vector is changing
direction as it moves around the circle, there is a
centripetal acceleration and a centripetal force
which are always perpendicular to the velocity
vector.

 The examples of circular motion

• Motion of an artificial
satellite • A stone which is tied to a rope
orbiting the Earth. and is being swung in circles.

• A car turning through a curve in a road.

 Electrons moving perpendicular
to a uniform magnetic field.

A gear turning inside a gear-train.

Motion of bicycle wheels.

 What causes circular motion?

A centripetal force is a net force that acts on
an object to keep it moving along a circular
path.Any object moving in a circle (or along a
circular path) experiences a centripetal force.
That is, there is some physical force pushing or
pulling the object towards the center of the
circle.Centripetal force is the force REQUIRED
for circular motion.

 Centripetal Force Examples in Daily Life

The centripetal force pulls or pushes an object towards the centre of a

circle as it travels, causing angular or circular motion.

When spinning a ball on a string or

twirling a lasso, the force of tension
on the rope pulls the object towards
the centre.
 The centripetal force is provided by the frictional force
between the ground and the wheels when turning a
car.

When going through a loop on a roller coaster, the force is

provided by the normal force as the seat or wall pushes
you towards the center.

For the planets orbiting around the Sun, the

centripetal force is provided by Gravity.
How does circular motion change?

For an object to maintain circular

motion it must constantly change

direction. Since velocity is a vector,
changes in direction constitute changes
in velocity. A change in velocity is
known as an acceleration. The change
in velocity due to circular motion is
known as centripetal acceleration.

There are two types of circular motion

mentioned below:
▪︎ Uniform circular motion.
▪︎ Non-uniform circular motion.

Uniform circular motion

The movement of a body following a circular
path is called a circular motion. Now, the
motion of a body moving with constant speed
along a circular path is called Uniform
Circular Motion. Here, the speed is constant
but the velocity changes.

Non-uniform circular motion

In non-uniform circular motion, an
object's motion is along a circle, but the
object's speed is not constant. In
particular, the following will be true. The
object's velocity vector is always tangent
to the circle. The speed and angular speed
of the object are not constant.

The examples of uniform circular motion

Ferries wheel
The motion of the
ferries will is also in a
uniform circular
motion. The direction of
a tangential velocity
differs all the time, but
the rate of acceleration
and the velocity of a
person with respect to
the ferries wheel
remain constant.


Moon

Our planet’s only

natural satellite
revolving around the
Earth is also an
example of a uniform
circular motion
around the planet.
The moon revolves
around the planet at a
constant speed in an
orbit.

 Clock

The hour hand, minute

hand, and the second
hand go round the clock
making a 360-degree
angle moving in a
uniform circular motion
at a constant speed.
Each hand elapses a
particular degree every
second and moves in a
continuous uniform
circular motion.

 The examples of non-uniform circular motion

Consider a ball being thrown at you. A ball is a circular object and

hence travels in a circular motion, even if thrown straight. The
speed that the ball is travelling is unequal due to non-uniform
circular motion. The velocity is varied for the ball. As it is thrown at
you, the velocity is decreased. But, when it moves farther, the
velocity is increased. The acceleration over here is different. The
ball travels in unequal time intervals and speed.

Suppose you are stuck with your vehicle in a traffic jam on a

circular road. Here, your car will experience a non-uniform circular
motion. The car has to be at rest and then move at different
velocities. If there is ample space between, the car would drive at a
slightly increased speed. In a vice-versa situation, it will move at a
decreased velocity. Also, the acceleration will fluctuate because the
time intervals of moving the car would be different.

 Consider playing with a top. As you begin spinning the top, it

moves in a circular motion. At first, the speed and velocity of the
top are increased. However, the velocity and speed decrease over
a while. Here, it is a non-uniform circular motion. This is because
the speed, velocity as well as acceleration keeps changing.

Why is circular motion important?

Circular motion is very common and very important

in our everyday life. Satellites, the moon, the solar

system and stars in galaxies all rotate in “circular”

orbits.
Many satellites move in a
circular path around the
earth and make it possible for us to have

television, navigation like GPS, satellite radio, and

much more. We rely on
these things daily, so
understanding the dynamics of circular motion and
its applications is critical.

Thank You