THERMAL POWER PLANT

OUT LINES
1) INTRODUCTION
2) WORKING OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
3) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
4) FIGURE OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
5) TECHNOLOGY UP GRADATION
6) ADVANTAGES
7) DISADVANTAGES
8) CONCLUSION
9) REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
 Now a day’s the electricity has become an essential commodity
rather than luxury.
 In a state or region thermal power stations will become important,
as hydro resources are inadequate.
 The concept of modern thermal power stations is that it should be
situated at such a place that the basic requirements of fuel, water
& land should be satisfied.
 Basically thermal stations are of two types,
1. Pit Head Stations.
2. Load Demand Stations.
 Pit head stations are those which are near to the source of fuel .
 load demand stations are those which are near to the load centers.
 WORKING OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
FEEDWATER HEATER :-
 A feedwater heater is a power plant component used to pre-heat water delivered to
a steam generating boiler. Preheating the feed water reduces the irreversibility
involved in steam generation and therefore improves the thermodynamic efficiency
 of the system.  
BOILER :-
 A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or
vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications.
ELECTRICAL GENERATOR :-
 In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device that converts 
mechanical energy to electrical energy.
 STEAM TURBINE :-
 A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion.
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

 Thermal Power Stations in India, where poor quality

of coal is used, add to environmental degradation
problems through gaseous emissions, particulate
matter, fly ash and bottom ash. Growth of
manufacturing industries, in public sector as well as
in private sector has further aggravated the situation
by deteriorating the ambient air quality. Ash content
being in abundance in Indian coal, problem of fly ash
and bottom ash disposal increase day by day. The fly
ash generated in thermal power station causes many
hazardous diseases like Asthma, Tuberculosis etc.
 The Thermal power plants create pollution in the
environment ,such as;
1. Air pollution
2. Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)
3. Sulphur Oxide
4. Water pollution
5. Land degradation
6. Noise pollution
FIGURE OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
 TECHNOLOGY UP GRADATION
CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES :-
 Clean coal technologies offer the potential for significant
reduction in the environmental emissions when used for
power generation. These technologies may be utilized in
new as well as existing plants and are therefore, an
effective way of reducing emissions in the coal fired
generating units . Ministry of Environment and Forests
vide their notification dated 30th June 1998 had
stipulated the use of raw or blended or beneficiated coal
with ash content not more than 34% on an annual
average basis .
REFURBISHMENT OF EXISTING THERMAL POWER
STATIONS
* Continuous deterioration in performance of thermal power
stations had been observed during early 80's.Therefore,
Renovation and Modernization Schemes(R&M Schemes)
were drawn and executed for improving the performance of
existing thermal power stations. Pollution control measures
in these power stations being a capital-intensive activity
.Several organizations have carried out Energy audits of
thermal power plants with a view to suggest measures to
improve their operational efficiency and to identify areas
having wasteful use of energy. Steps have been suggested to
reduce energy losses .
 ADVANTAGES
 The fuel used is quite cheap . Less initial cost as compared
to other generating plants.
 It can be installed at any place irrespective of the existence
of coal. The coal can be transported to the site of the plant
by rail or road.
 It requires less space as compared to Hydro power plants.
 Cost of generation is less than that of diesel power plants.
 They can be located very conveniently near the load
centers.
 Does not require shielding like required in nuclear power
plant
 DISADVANTAGES
 It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount
of smoke and fumes.
  Large amounts of water are required.
  Takes long time to be erected and put into action.
 Maintenance and operating costs are high.
 With increase in pressure and temperature, the cost of plant
increases.
  Troubles from smoke and heat from the plant, disposal of
ash.
 CONCLUSION

 There is a huge increase in demand for power,

due to population increase, economic
development, rapid industrialization and growth
of IT services industry. However shortage of
power is not only inconveniencing the citizens of
the country but also adversely affecting the
industrial production .
THANK YOU
 REFERENCES :-
E-BOOKS & JOURNALS
 NTPC Guide for Users of Coal Ash
 Fly Ash Bricks – Modern Building Material; Towards Cleaner
Environment
 Fly Ash for Cement Concrete – A Resource for High Strength
and Durability of Structure at Lower Cost
 Ritish Electricity International (1991). Modern Power Station
Practice: incorporating modern power system practice (3rd
Edition (12 volume set) ed). Pergamon. ISBN 0-08-040510-23.
WEB LINKS
 www.air-dispersion.com
 www.ntpc.co.in