ACSR & ALLOY

OUTLINES
Introduction
What is acsr & alloy?
Theory
Revolution of alloy in the transmission line
History
Terminology
Material properties of acsr & alloy
Figures of alloy conductor s and acsr
Applications of acsr and alloy
conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
For several years, distribution and transmission lines have been
designed using aluminum conductors steel reinforced (ACSR) or in
some countries all aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC).Both types
normally have a conductivity calculated on the total area of 53-54%
copper (IACS).Since the mid-1970s the cost of producing electric
energy has grown rapidly, leading to an increase in the cost of losses.
 Alloy is a homogeneous mixture or  composed of two or
more elements.Complete solid solution alloys give single
solid phase microstructure, while partial solutions give two or
more phases that may or may not be homogeneous in
distribution, depending on thermal (heat treatment) history.
Alloys usually have different properties from those of the
component elements.
WHAT IS ACSR AND ALLOY ?
ACSR is a concentric-lay-stranded conductor consisting of a single
core wire or a stranded steel central core with one or more layers of
1350 H19 stranded aluminum wires. Steel core wires are protected
from corrosion by galvanizing, aluminum-clad alloy or zinc – 5%
aluminum alloy coating. Standard, High, Extra and Ultra High
strength steel a Alloying a metal is done by combining it with one or
more other metals or non-metals that often enhance its properties.
For example, steel is stronger than iron, its primary element. The
physical properties, such as density,reactivity, Young's modulus,
and electrical and thermal conductivity, of an alloy may not differ
greatly from those of its elements, but engineering properties such
as tensile strength and shear strength may be substantially different
from those of the constituent materials.
 THEORY
Alloys may exhibit marked differences in behavior even when
small amounts of one element occur. For example, impurities in
semi-conducting ferromagnetic alloys lead to different
properties, as first predicted by White, Hogan, Suhl, Tian Abrie
and Nakamura . alloys are made by melting and mixing two or
more metals. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin was the first alloy
discovered, during the prehistoric period now known as
the bronze age; it was harder than pure copper and originally
used to make tools and weapons, but was later superseded by
metals and alloys with better properties. In later times bronze has
been used for ornaments, bells, statues, and bearings. Brass is an
alloy made from copper and zinc.Unlike pure metals, most alloys
do not have a single melting point, but a melting range in which
the material is a mixture of solid and liquid phases.
Revolution of Alloy in the Transmission Line

* France developed 6101 alloy in 1923 & the first French

Specification for Alloy released and started stringing alloy
conductors.
Sweden & Norway introduced Alloy of their own kind with
Conductivity- 57% & 59% in the late 1950s.
USA switched-over to Alloy from 1930s. Aluminium Association,
USA introduced various alloy grades including 6201.

Australia has developed 1120 alloy & commissioned new lines
replacing old ACSR.
UK has developed HC & EHC 6201 alloy for reconductoring of
ACSR.
HISTORY
In 1920’s, within about 20 years of introducing ACSR,
France introduced for the first time a new type of electrical
conductor made of an alloy of aluminium with magnesium
and silicon alloy. Other European countries also developed
similar material as their conductor material US also
followed the same in 1960’s transmission and distribution.
IEC recommendation number 208 provides an
internationally acceptable standard for AAAC Aluminium
Alloy Conductors.
TERMINOLOGY
The term alloy is used to describe a mixture of atoms in
which the primary constituent is a metal. The primary
metal is called the base or the matrix. If there is a mixture
of only two types of atoms, not counting impurities, such
as a copper-nickel alloy, then it is called a binary alloy. If
there are three types of atoms forming the mixture, such as
iron, nickel and chromium, then it is called a ternary
alloy. An alloy with four constituents is aquaternary
alloy,  Because the percentage of each constituent can be
varied, with any mixture the entire range of possible
variations is called a system.  while all of the alloy
combinations possible with a ternary alloy, such as alloys of
iron, carbon and chromium, is called a ternary system.
ADVANTAGES OF ALLOY OVER ACSR
*AAAC with lower electrical resistance lighter in
weight- 13 to 16% but of same breaking strength of
ACSR
*About 15% Lesser transmission loss in comparison
with ACSR Increased life span in comparison with
ACSR Conductors.
*Easier handling during erection.
*Increased life span in comparison with ACSR
conductors
MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF
ALLOY AND ACSR

Size of the Conductor-
AL-59 conductors range from AL-59 31 sq-mm (7/2.38 mm)
to AL-59 910 sq-mm (61/4.36mm).

Strength of the wire-
For diameter less than 3.5 mm: 250 MPA
For diameter less than 4 mm: 240 MPA

Resistivity of the wire-
- Individual resistivity: 29.30 nJm
- Average resistivity: 29.08 nJm

Creep of the conductor- Maximum conductor Creep at 23 oC at
40 % of rated tensile strength and 1500 hours are as follows
- 7 strands: 350 mm/Km
FIGURES OF ALLOY CODUCTOR
FIGURES OF ACSR
APPLICATIONS OF ACSR AND ALLOY
ACSR Used as bare overhead transmission cable and as
primary and secondary distribution cable. A good
strength-to-weight ratio makes ACAR applicable where
both capacity and strength are prime considerations in
line design. For equal weight ACAR offers higher strength
and capacity than ACSR. Alloy conductors  used as bare
overhead conductor for primary and secondary
distribution. Designed utilizing a high strength
aluminum alloy to achieve a high strength-to-weight
ratio; affords better sag characteristics. Aluminum alloy
gives AAAC higher resistance to corrosion than ACSR. 
Application of alloy
CONCLUSION
From the above we conclude that it has higher current
carrying capacity with lesser cross sectional area.
 Higher power transfer capacity with lesser cross
sectional area.
 Commercial benefits due to lower power loss and
higher power transfer capacity.
REFERENCES
V.K MEHTA POWER SYSTEM
WIKI PEDIA
AV.COM
SEMINAR & PROJECTS.COM
THANK YOU