NEWTON’S RINGS

EXPERIMENT
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AIM:- To
determine
the
wavelength
of sodium
light using
Newton’s
Rings
 APPARATUS
REQUIRED-
1.Traveling microscope
2. Plano convex lens
3. Plain glass plate
4. sodium light
THEORY-
1. A film is said to be thin when its thickness is about the order of
one wavelength of visible light which is taken to be 550 nm.
2. When light is incident on such a film, a small portion gets
reflected from the upper surface and a major portion is transmitted
into the film.
3. Again a small part of the transmitted component is reflected back
into the film by the lower surface and the rest of it emerges out of
the film. These reflected beams reunite to produce interference.
 THIN FILM
INTERFERENCE-
CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
1.Radii of the mth dark rings                 .

Radii of the mth bright ring:             .

constructive
interference
                 

             destructive
interference
OBSERVATIONS-
* Radius of curvature = 90 cm
* Least count of traveling microscope = The smallest division of main
scale
*
--------------------------------------------- = 1/20*50
* Total divisions of vernier scale
*Least count of traveling microscope = 0.001 cm
MEASUREMENTS-
Number of Left MSR Left VSR Left TR Right Right Right TR Diameter(D)
Rings MSR VSR
  D = (Right TR – Left TR)

1 9.90 cm 46 9.946 cm 10.05 cm 5 10.055 cm 0.109 cm 0.012 0.012

2 9.90 cm 6 9.906 cm 10.05 cm 45 10.095 cm 0.189 cm 0.036 0.024

3 9.85 cm 29 9.879 cm 10.10 cm 22 10.122 cm 0.243 cm 0.059 0.023

4 9.85 7 9.857 cm 10.10 cm 43 10.143 cm 0.286 cm 0.082 0.023

cm

5 9.80 36 9.836 cm 10.15 cm 13 10.163 cm 0.327 cm 0.107 0.025

CALCULATIONS-
1.  
2. Mean of = 0.0214 cm^2.
3. By putting down the values of and R
4. we get = 5940  Å
5. Error = (|Actual value – Observed value|)/( Actual value) * 100
6. Standard value of wavelength of sodium light = 5893  Å
7. Error = 0. 47%
CONCLUSION-
1. Wavelength measured = 5940 Å
2. Error = 0.47%
PRECAUTIONS AND
SOURCES OF ERROR-
1. The microscope should be parallel to the edge of the glass plate.
2. If you place the cross wire tangential to the outer side of a perpendicular
ring on one side of the central spot then the cross wire should be placed
tangential to the inner side of the same ring on the other side of the central
spot.
3. Glass plates and lens should be cleaned thoroughly.
EXPERIMENT DONE
BY- * NISHA
* 86036