CLASSIFICATION

OF
PARAGRAPHS
 CLASSIFICATION
OF
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPHS
DEFINITION
 The meaning of the term is given.

Gonorrhea is a disease characterized by a

yellowish discharge caused by a bacterium
called gonococcus, which usually first affects
the urethra (in men), the vagina (in women),
or the intestinal canal. (Sy, 1984)
DESCRIPTION
 Thecharacteristics or qualities of
something or someone are enumerated.

Gonorrhea is the most common of the

venereal or sexually transmitted diseases. It is
almost contracted through sexual intercourse
with an infected partner. It can also be
transmitted through contaminated objects, such
as towels, linens, or clothing, although this is
extremely rare.
 A proverb or a statement from a
QUOTATION well-known or not-so-famous
personality is cited.

Jesus Christ said to those men and women he

saw throwing stones at a prostitute, “Whoever
among you who has not sinned shall cast the first
stone.”
QUESTION A question or a series of
questions is asked.

Are venereal diseases to be dreaded? Should

persons infected with sexually infected with
sexually transmitted diseases be avoided? Are
venereal diseases transmitted only through coitus
(sexual intercourse)? Do sexually transmitted
diseases have cures?
ANECDOTE/ INCIDENT
A short narrative, fictional or non-
fictional, is told.

The first known AIDS case is that of

Dolzura Cortez. Her life story was turned
into a film which starred Vilma Santos.
STARTLING STATEMENT

A statement that
startles or shocks
is given. The oldest profession
known to mankind is
prostitution.
STATEMENT OF THE THEME/
PROBLEM/ PURPOSE
 The thesis (main idea) of the paper, the problem to
be solved , or the purpose of the writer in doing his
paper is stated.

Prostitution is one of the perennial

problems that beset the country. With the
mushrooming of tourist spots and the growing
number of poverty-stricken Filipinos, both
adults and children alike turn into prostitutes
catering to sex-starved foreigners.
HISTORICAL OR GENERAL BACKGROUND

Pagsanjan falls is one of the most popular tourist

destinations in Laguna. A number of these tourists are
pedophiles (lovers of children) who treat children as sex
objects, as sexual partners. Most of these pedophiles are
males enjoying the services of either male or female children
or both. These children are asked to do sex acts in exchange
for money. More often than not, the parents serve as pimps
for thei children, who earn more money than do their parents,
who are either unemployed or under-employed.
ANALOGY
A figurative comparison is used to
illustrate the writer’s idea.

Sexual activities between partners who are not

married to each other are considered taboo. Like
the delicious red apples which God forbade Adam
and Eve, these sex-gratifying activities are
forbidden because sex is sacred and must be
enjoyed by those who are allowed by the law by
virtue of their matrimony.
 EXAMPLE  Itis used to shown to illustrate
the writer’s idea.

Magdalena works in a KTV bar. She belongs to an

impoverished family of eight. Her parents are both
jobless. Being the eldest child, she assumes the
responsibility of winning the bread for the family. Since
she has not finished high school, she has to content
herself in this occupation of selling flesh. Her stunning
beauty is an asset she uses in winning many patrons, and
subsequently in raking big sums of money. Magdalena is
one of the many Filipinas engaged in the sex trade.
CLASSIFICATION
OF
DEVELOPMENTAL
PARAGRAPHS
 DEFINITION
A paragraph that states the meaning of a word.

Located on the surface of the tongue, especially on the papillae

and most importantly on the circumvallate papillae which lie in a V
line on the posterior part of the tongue, and also in small numbers
on the lateral walls of the pharynx, are many small taste receptor
organs called taste buds. . Each taste bud has a hollow cavity that
communicates through a small taste pore with the mouth. Lining
the cavity are sensory taste receptor cells, and cilia called taste
“hairs” protrude from the ends of these cells into the pore. Certain
types of chemicals diffuse into the taste pores and excite the hairs
of the taste cells.
DESCRIPTION
A paragraph
that states the Nothing like this man had ever
characteristics seen on Privet Drive. He was tall,
or qualities of thin, and very old, judging by the
a person, a silver o his hair and beard, which
place, or a were both long ago enough to look
thing. spectacles and his nose was very long
and crooked, as though it had been
broken at least twice. This man’s
name was Albus Dumbledore.
NARRATION  It tells a story.

Albus Dumbledore didn’t seem to realize that

he had just arrived in a street where everything
from his name to his boots was unwelcome. He was
busy rummaging his cloak, looking for something.
But he did seem to realize he was being watched,
because he looked up suddenly at the cat, which
was still staring at him from the other end of the
street.
EXEMPLIFICATION  A paragraph that illustrates or
states an example/s or an
instance/s.
The eye determines the color of an object by the relative
intensities of stimulation of the different types of cones. For
instance, yellow is a color with a wavelength midway between
green and red. Therefore, it stimulates the green and the red cones
about equally, which gives one of the sensation of seeing the color
yellow. Orange has a wavelength somewhat closer to that of red
light than of green light. Therefore, it stimulates the red cones
about twice as much as it does the green cones, giving the
sensation of orange. Finally, pure red light stimulates the red cones
very strongly while stimulating the green and blue cones only
weakly. This gives the sensation of red. The same principles hold
true for the different shades of color between green, blue, and
yellow.
 A paragraph that states a
CAUSATION cause and/or an effect of
something.

Stomach secretion occurs in response to either nervous stimuli

or hormonal stimuli. About half of the secretion is caused by
vagal impulses transmitted from the dorsal motor nuclei of the
vagi in the brain stem. These in turn are caused by:
1. Impulses from the cerebrum initiated by the thought of food or
the smell of food,
2. Impulses from the mouth during the chewing process, and
3. Impulses from the stomach when food is actually in the
stomach; this last is the stimulus that causes as much as half
of all the stomach secretion.
COMPARISON
 States some
similarities
Happy Myrene Arias, just like
between/amon
Ryan, started as a service crew
g persons,
member in a fastfood store. But,
places, ideas,
unlike Ryan, she is still employed at
or things.
a McDonald’s-Sta. Mesa, a stone’s
throw from CCP.
CONTRAST  States some differences
between/among persons,
places, ideas, or things.

James Cultura, unlike Ryan and Happy, had his first

taste of work not in a fastfood store, but in the farm.
Anative of Sinakan, Sabbang, Batanes, he is the seventh
of the twelve children of Pedro and Veneracion. A middle
child in the big family, he took on the responsibility of
supporting himself when he was in high school by working
as a houseboy, labourer, construction worker, and
barangay aide.
ANALOGY
A paragraph that states some similarities
between two unlike things, e.g. man and
post.
ELIMINATION OR NEGATION
A paragraph that
states what a Love suffers long and is kind, love
thing is not; it is does not envy; love does not parade
usually a list of itself, is not puffed up. It does not
negative behave rudely, does not seek its own,
statements is not provoked, thinks no evil. It does
pertaining to not rejoice in iniquity, but rejoice in
the truth. It bears all things, believes
something. all things, hopes all things, endures
all things.
 REPETITION  A paragraph that states the same
idea within the paragraph.

Give me land. Land to own. Land unbeholden to

any tyrant. Land that will be free. Give me land for
am I starving. Give me land that my children may not
die. Sell it to me, sell it me at a fair price , as one
freeman sells to another and not as a usurer sells to a
slave. I am poor, but I will pay it! I will work, work
until I fall from weariness for my privilege, for my
inalienable right to be free.
RATIONALIZATIO
N  A paragraph that states reason/s for or against
something, e.g., a proposition or an idea.

The main reason for the irregularity of English spelling

lies in the very formation of the English language, which has
preserved or reintroduced the old historical spelling of the
principal languages contributing most to it: Old English
(Anglo-Saxon), Old French, Latin, and Greek. Many Greek
and Latin loan words, such as bona fide, alibi, phenomenon,
comma, atlas, retain their original spelling. Numerous Old
French words, e’g., piece, example, chime, have retained
their medieval spelling and pronunciation. Hundreds of
Anglo-Saxon words, such as cow, sheep, calf, swine, have
been retained even though the spelling has been changed.
QUESTION AND ANSWER

 A paragraph that is developed by means of a question,

a series of questions, or question/s with a
corresponding answer/s.
CLASSIFICATION  A paragraph that states the kind,
types, classes, or groupings of
something.
Four different types of taste buds are known to exist, each of theses
responding principally to:
1. saltiness,
2. Sweetness,
3. Sourness, and
4. Bitterness.
The first three of these taste sensations help the person to select the
quality of food that heats and., in some instances, even makes him desire
certain substances such as salt that may be deficient in his body. The last
of the taste sensations, bitterness, is principally for protection, because
most of the naturally occurring poisons among plant foods elicit a bitter
taste that normally will cause an animal to reject the food.
ANALYSIS

A paragraph that The eye is constructed very

states the parts, much like a camera. The retina is
elements, or analogous to the film in a camera;
components of the cornea and the lens of the eye
something are analogous to the lens system
of a camera; and the pupil is
analogous to the diagram of a
camera.
COMBINATION OF METHODS

A paragraph that is developed by

combining two or more methods.
CLASSIFICATION
OF
CONCLUDING
PARAGRAPHS
CONCLUSION

A conclusion Based on the foregoing

pertaining to instances, we arrived at the
the research conclusion that prostitutes, both
problem is adult and children, male and
stated. female alike, are driven into the
flesh trade by the most basic of
man’s needs, the physiological or
biological needs.
CALL FOR ACTION
 An action to be taken by the reader is suggested or
recommended.

A ordinary citizens, we can do something to

ease this problem called prostitution. We do not
depend of police authorities. In our own capacity,
we can put an end to this. In doing so, we prevent
the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, most
especially, the much-dreaded AIDS.
RHETORICAL QUESTION
A question whose answer is known is cited.

Are there no solutions to this problem? Can

we not put an end to prostitution? Shall we wait
for that time when the situation is irreversible?
Do we want to be the next AIDS victims?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SUBJECT
 The significance
or relevance of
the subject The search for solutions to this
matter to the problem is not yet over. So we allot
present time and some time and exert some effort in this
the locality is endeavour, which must be everybody’s
provided. concern since it affects our community
in particular and our country in general.
PREDICTION
A forecast of things expected to arise as a result
of the problem or situation is cited.

With the increasing number of Filipinos

nationwide and the widening gap between the
rich and the poor, the number of hungry mouths
will continue to rise. It won’t be surprising that
some of these starving Filipinos will turn to
prostitution since it seems to be the easiest way
out of poverty.
EMOTIONAL STATEMENT
 A statement expressing an emotion or an attitude of
the writer toward something is given.

It is a pity to see these sex slaves. They did not

intend to sell their bodies. They were promised
wholesome jobs in urban centers, but they ended up in
prostitution dens to entertain men without their
consent. It is high time for us to save them from white
slavery.
 A humorous story with a moral
ANECDOTE lesson is told.

During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines,

the Filipino troop commander would shout “Dapa” to
Filipinas when he would sight some Japanese coming for
fear that the former would be raped and made into
comfort women by the latter. In these days when
Japayukis abound in Japan, the Filipino would yell
“Tihaya” to Filipinas every time he sees Japanese
coming.
QUOTATION
 A proverb or a statement from a well-known or
not-so-famous personality is cited.

“An ounce of prevention is worth

more than a pound of cure.” decent
jobs must be offered these female
entertainers. Or they will all end up as
carriers of HIV virus.
SUMMARY  A statement of the main
points discussed in the
body of the composition is
written.

To sum up, Acquired Immune Deficiency

Syndrome is a dreaded terminal disease caused
by human immune-deficiency virus and
transmitted by blood transfusion, unsafe sex,
and heredity. To prevent its spread, the public
should follow the advise of Juan Flavier in the
form of ABC (Abstinence from sex, Being faithful
to one’s partner and Condom use).
Thank you for listening!
