Demonstration of clavicle

1. The Clavicle
a. Anatomy of Clavicle
b. Attachments
c. Ossification
Shaft
Lateral one third
1. Flattened from above-downwards
2. Two borders; anterior & posterior
a. Anterior border, concave forwards
b. Posterior border, convex backwards
 Two surfaces; superior & inferior
a) Superior surface is subcutaneous
b) Inferior surface has,
i. Elevation called conoid tubercle
ii. Ridge called trapezoid ridge
Medial two third
1. Rounded
2. Four surfaces; anterior, posterior, superior & inferior
a. Anterior surface, convex forwards
b. Posterior surface, smooth
c. Superior surface, rough, in its medial part
d. Inferior surface has,
i. rough oval impression, at the medial end
ii. longitudinal subclavian groove, at the lateral half
iii. nutrient foramen, at the lateral end of the groove (it transmits
a branch of suprascapular artery)
b. Lateral end (acromial end)
i. Flattened from above-downwards
ii. ii. Bears a facet that articulates with the
acromion process of the scapula to form the
acromioclavicular joint
• Medial end (sternal end)
• i. Quadrangular (quadrilateral)
• ii. articulates with the manubrium sterni to form the sternoclavicular
joint
• iii. articular surface extends to inferior aspect, to articulate with the
first costal cartilage.
• Side determination
• i. Ends: lateral, flattened & medial, quadrilateral
• ii. Curves: convex forwards, medial 2/3 & concave forwards, lateral
1/3
• iii. Trapezoid ridge: inferior surface is grooved longitudinally, in
medial 1/3
Sex determination
i. In females, clavicle is;
1. Shorter
2. Lighter
3. Thinner
4. Smoother
5. Less curved, than in males
 By (reliable criteria for sexing the clavicle),
1. Midshaft circumference
2. Weight of the clavicle
Position of the lateral end, relative to the medial
end,
1. Females: lateral end little below to the medial end
 2-Males: lateral end, same level or slightly higher
than the medial end
 Peculiarities of the Clavicle
i. Only long bone that lies horizontally
ii. Only long bone which ossifies in membrane iii. Only
long bone which has two primary ossification centres
iv. First bone to start ossifying
v. Subcutaneous throughout
vi. Generally, no medullary cavity
vii. Occasionally, pierced by the middle supraclavicular
nerve
Attachments on the Clavicle
a. Lateral end (at the margin of the articular surface for the acromioclavicular
joint)
i. Joint capsule
b. Medial end (at the margin of the articular surface for the sternoclavicular
joint) i. Joint capsule
ii. Articular disc (posterosuperiorly)
iii. Interclavicular ligament (superiorly)
c. Lateral one third of shaft
i. Origin of deltoid muscle (anterior border)
ii. Insertion of trapezius muscle (posterior border)
iii. Conoid & trapezoid parts of the coracoclavicular ligament (at conoid
tubercle & trapezoid ridge)
Medial two thirds of shaft
i. Origin of pectoralis major muscle (anterior surface)
ii. Origin of clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid
muscle (rough superior surface)
iii. Costoclavicular ligament (oval impression on the
inferior surface)
iv. Insertion of subclavius muscle (subclavian groove)
v. Clavipectoral fascia (margins of the subclavian
groove)
Ossification
a. First bone in the body to ossify
 b. Ossifies in membrane, except for its medial end
Two Two primary centres
a) Appear in shaft
b) During 5-6 weeks of intrauterine life
c) Fuse with each other about the 45th day
One secondary centre
d) Appears in medial end
e) During 15-17 years after birth
f) Fuses with shaft during 21-22 years
Occasionally there may be a secondary ossification centre for the acromial
end .