Access Networks

PRESENTED BY
Arslan Atta

Batch # 39
Contents
• Network Architecture
• Access Network
• Data Link Layer/MAC
• FTTH
• GPON Network Elements
• NAYAtel GPON Network
• ONTs used in NAYAtel
• PPPoE vs IPoE
• Routed vs Bridged Services
• NAYAtel Triple Play Services
• VLANs
• ONT Troubleshooting/Alarms on CRM
• NCE Usage
TOPIC : 1
NAYATEL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
What is an ISP
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) provides Internet access to companies, families, and
even mobile users. ISPs use fiber-optics, satellite, copper wire, and other forms to
provide Internet access to its customers.
NAYAtel Architecture V/S other ISPs
NAYAtel Basic Services’ Concepts
Nayatel offers Triple-Play services, which means Voice, Video and Data. Internet, cable
TV and telephone services are available on the Nayatel FTTU.
TOPIC : 2
ACCESS NETWORKS
What is Access Network?
An access network is that part of a telecommunications network which
connects subscribers to their immediate service provider.

Classification based on transmission media:

– Wired

• Twisted-pair/Coaxial-cable/Fiber

– Wireless

• Wi-Fi/WiMAX etc.
Wired Access Network
Nayatel Access Network
OSI Model Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical
TOPIC : 3
DATA LINK LAYER/MAC
Data Link Layer
• Delivery of Frames between devices on same LAN.
• Frame Collisions (Avoidance, Detection, Recovery)

• Two Sub-Layers
– Logical Link Control Sublayer
– Media Access Control Sublayer
Data Link Protocols
• Ethernet
• PPPoE
Data Link Protocols (Ethernet)

Ethernet Frame
TOPIC : 4
FTTH
What is FTTH
Fiber to the home (FTTH) is the installation and use of optical fiber from a central point
directly to individual buildings such as residences, apartment buildings and businesses to
provide high-speed internet access.
TOPIC : 5
GPON NETWORK ELEMENTS
What is PON
GPON
• Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) provides the reliability and performance
expected for business services and
• An attractive way to deliver residential services.
• GPON enables Fiber to the Home (FTTH) deployments economically resulting to
accelerate growth worldwide.
FTTH Standards
• Standards committees
• ITU-T G.983 BPON (Downstream 622M Upstream 155M)
• ITU-T G.984 GPON (Downstream 2.4G Upstream 1.2G)
• IEEE 802.3ah EPON (1Gbps)
• ITU-T G.987 XGPON
• IEEE 802.3av 10GEPON

• Wavelengths
– 1310 (Upstream GPON)
– 1490 (Downstream GPON)
– 1550 (RF Overlay)
– 1577 (Downstream XGPON)
– 1270 (Upstream XGPON)
GPON (continue)
Downstream Bitrate 2.488 Gb/s

Upstream Bitrate 1.244 Gb/s

Downstream Wavelength 1490, 1550

Upstream Wavelength 1310

Protocol GEM
Video RF at 1550 or IP at 1490

Max PON Splits 64, 128

Coverage <60 km
GPON Principle
GPON Principle-Downstream
GPON Principle-Upstream
What is OLT?
• Device which serves as endpoint of a passive optical network.
• Performs Conversion between Electrical and Optical signal.
• Upstream Processing and Downstream processing
• Ranging
• Bandwidth Allocation (Assured, Committed, Best Effort.)
• Configurations Mapping
P-OLT vs V-OLT
How ONT is detected ?
How ONT is detected
 Serial Number

 Physical Information

 Distance
Detecting ONT on OLT
TOPIC : 6
NAYATEL GPON NETWORK OVERVIEW
NAYAtel OLTs
• Type of OLTs used in NTL network

– Huawei GPON
– Alcatel GPON

Alcatel OLT Huawei OLT

Huawei GPON

Line Cards 16

PON Ports per 8/16

line card

Customers per 128

PON port
Alcatel GPON

Line Cards 14

PON ports per 4

line card
Customers per 64
PON port
TOPIC : 7
ONTS USED IN NAYATEL
What is ONT?
• Device installed at customer end to provide triple play services.
• Optical and Electrical signal conversion
• We are using multiple types of ONTs in Nayatel
– OLD GPON ONT
– NEW GPON WIFI ONT
– HUAWEI GPON WIFI ONT
ONTs Used in NAYAtel
Two type of ONTs are being used in NAYAtel network
• Huawei ONT
• Alcatel GPON ONT

Huawei ONT New Alcatel GPON

ONTs Models
Following Models of Huawei ONTs are being used
• Huawei HG8247
• Huawei HG8247H
• Huawei HG8247T
• Huawei EG8247H5
• Huawei EG8147X6

Following Models of Alcatel ONTs are being used

• Alcatel GPON
• New Alcatel GPON WiFi
ONTs Physical Specifications (Huawei ONTs)

All Huawei ONTs have

• 4 Ethernet ports, 2 POTS ports ,1 RF port and 1 USB port (single Wi-Fi band ONT)
But Huawei EG8147X6 have
• 4 Ethernet ports, 1 POTS ports , 1 RF port and 1 USB port (dual Wi-Fi band ONT)

EG8247H5 EG8147X6
HG8247 Back View
HG8247 view (Cont…)
ONTs Physical Specifications (Alcatel ONTs)
Two types of ONTs are being used,
– New Alcatel GPON Wi-Fi
• Internal router, 4 Ethernet ports, 2 POTS port, 1 RF port
– Old Alcatel GPON
• No Internal router, 2 Ethernet ports, 2 POTS ports, 1 RF port

New Alcatel GPON

LED Status
LED Status
• PON
How we can Access ONT?
1. Connect with ONT via Ethernet Cable or WIFI
2. Open Browser and enter 192.168.100.1 (Default Gateway)
3. Enter Username and password to Access ONT.
How we can Access ONT?
1. Connect with ONT via Ethernet Cable or WIFI
2. Open Browser and enter 192.168.18.1 (Default Gateway)
3. Enter Username and password to Access ONT.
TOPIC : 8
PPPoE VS IPoE
PPPoE
• PPP : Point to Point Protocol
• Stages
– PADI
– PADO
– PADR
– PADS
– PADT
PPPoE Interface
• PPPoE Interface in ONT
PPPoE Interface (continued)
IPoE
Internet Protocol over Ethernet (IPoE) is a method of delivering an IP payload over an
Ethernet-based access network or an access network using bridged Ethernet

IPoE Services are

• Premium Internet
• Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPN
• HOSTEX
• SIP TRUNK
• SIP-TRG
• PBX
• SIP POTS
IPoE Interface
IPoE Interface (continued)
PPPoE vs IPoE Interface
TOPIC : 9
ROUTED VS BRIDGED SERVICES
Routed vs Bridged Services
ONT can be configured in two ways
• Routed mode
• Bridge mode

In routed mode , ONT operates as layer 3 device and internet can be dialed
internally whereas in bridge mode ONT behaves as layer 2 device . Internet in
this case will be dialed in external device connected to ONT.
Routed vs Bridged Services
Routed Services
• PPPoE (home / connect)
• Premium
• IPTV
• POTS

Bridged Services
• Layer 2 and 3 VPN
• HOSTEX
• Premium
• SIP POTS
• SIP Trunk
Role of Switch
• In a network, a switch is a hardware device that filters and forwards network packets
from one networking device (switch, router, computer, server, etc.) to another.
Standard Access Network Deployment (Switch)

• Use of switch for Internet

• User of switch for HD-Box
Standard Access Network Deployment
(Internet)
• For home customers, preferred internet dialing device should be the ONT.
• Multiple PPPoE accounts can be provisioned through single Ethernet port of ONT but
it is not recommended, as troubleshooting is difficult in MDU accounts
Standard Access Network Deployment
(Voice)
• Voice & Data services should not be configured on same Ethernet port

ONT ATA
SIP POTS
TOPIC : 10
NAYATEL TRIPLE PLAY SERVICES
NAYAtel Triple Play Services
Nayatel offers Triple-Play services, which means Voice, Video and Data.
• Data service (Internet)
• Voice service (POTS)
• Video service (Basic cable TV)
Access Services
Access layer is used to carry all ONT services to router.

Access Service

• Ndrive
Basic Cable Flow and Troubleshooting
• Nayatel can provide Basic Cable TV from it’s Optical Network Terminal (ONT)
installed at the Customer Premise.
• To view digital channels, you need to add Set Top Box (STB) with your TV set.

Flow
14
9 0
OLT nm

WDM

nm
VOLT 50
15
Basic Cable Troubleshooting
Basic cable status shows on CRM
Basic Cable Troubleshooting
IPTV ONT Settings and Troubleshooting
IPTV service includes smart boxes such as;
• HD-Box
• HD-Box smart
• Joy Box
• Joy App
• Joy HD

Flow

Ethernet cable

HD-box
IPTV Troubleshooting
Internet related Troubleshooting
POTS Settings in ONT and Troubleshooting
• POTS numbers (terminations) added in ONT.
POTS Troubleshooting
• POTS number should be registered at NGN end
• Its status on CLI must be idle for communication
POTS Troubleshooting
TOPIC : 11
VLANS
UNI vs NNI VLAN
User-Network Interface Network-Network Interface

• Used at User end to segregate the • Used at network end to manage the
Traffic services
• In Huawei, 10,50,80 are used • On FPOP-4-1 ( Huawei )
• In Alcatel, 50,60 are used – 40 ( PPPoE)
– 70, 51 (HD-Box)
– 80, 90 (POTS)
 Customer VLAN vs Service VLAN
Customer VLAN
• Customer VLAN is for a specific
customer
• Services like Premium, L2/L3 Circuits,
Hostex, SIP-POTS, SIP-Trunk.
• MUX (Huawei), CC (Alcatel)
Service VLAN
• Service VLAN is for a specific service
• Services like PPPoE, POTS, HD-Box,
N-Watch work on S-VLAN.
• Smart (Huawei), RB (Alcatel)
NAYAtel VLAN Convention
• PPPoE VLAN 10 or Eth 1 10
• POTS VLAN 80
• VOD VLAN 50
• Eth 2 20
• Eth 3 30
• Eth 4 40

Service ports
TOPIC : 12
ONT TROUBLESHOOTING/ALARMS ON CRM
CRM ONT Information Table
ONT Current Alarms
Optical Parameters and Implications
ONT Historical Alarms
TOPIC : 13
NCE USAGE
ONT Locating
ONT Parameters
WLAN Parameters View and Configuration
from NCE
WLAN Parameters View and Configuration from
NCE
WLAN Parameters View and Configuration from
NCE
WLAN Parameters View and Configuration
from NCE
WLAN Parameters View and Configuration
from NCE
Same with dual band ONT
THANKS FOR YOUR TIME