Mathematics of Our World

Mathematics and Our Society

Statistics and Population
Politics
Business and Money
Health
Codes
Topology and Graph
Mathematics as a Tool for Prediction
The Mathematical Language
and Symbols

Romeo T. Quintos, Jr.

siroborats@gmail.com
 The Language of Mathematics
• Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
• Operations: +, – , x, ÷
• Variables: x, y, z, …
• Special symbols: =, <, >, ≤, ≥, π, ∑, % …
• Mathematical Languages and Notations
• Basic Arithmetic
+, – , x, ÷
• Variables
x, y, z, a, b, c
• Constant  
3, 4 , 5, e=2.7182..,
• Grouping Symbols
( ),[ ],{ }
• Mathematical Notations and Operators
Mathematical Notations and Operators
• Therefore
 
∴
• If and only if Iff
• with respect to w.r.t
• for all
 
∀
• There exists/for some
 
∃
• Do not exists dne
• Such that s.t. or 
• That is/ in other words i.e
• e.g.
For example
• Endless/infinity
 
∞
Mathematical Notations and Operators
• Exponent/power a2
 3
• Radical √𝑎 √𝑎
 

• Inequalities  
><;
• Non equality ≠
 

• Implies →;⟹
 

• Equivalent  
;
• Approximately equal to  
≈
• Summation Σ
 

• Not defined/Undefined ∝  
Mathematical Notations and Operators
• Element  
∈
• Not element  
∈
• Negation  

• Subset  
⊆
• Identical  
≡
• Congruent  
≅
VERBAL PHRASES TO MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
Verbal Expression Mathematical Expression

The sum of a number and 12 x + 12

6 more than a number x+6
3 less than a number x–3
A number decreased by 8 x–8
Ten fewer than a number x – 10
Two thirds of a number 2x/3
The quotient of a number and 3
x/3
The sum of 3 and a number
multiplied by 5 5(x + 3)
Verbal Expression Mathematical Expression

x diminished by thrice y x – 3y
twice as many A as B
A = 2B
A is twice as many/much as B
y is four times larger than x A = 2B
m exceeds by 2n y = 4x
twice z less than the quotient m + 2n
of x and y
eight times a x/y – 2z
number x increased by three.
8x+3
 Practice Exercises:
• A. Translate each of the following into mathematical phrases.
• 1.twice the sum of x and y = 2(x+y)
• 2.two times x increased by y = 2x+y
• 3.x exceeds by twice y = x+(2y)
• 4. x minus thrice y =x-(3y)
• 5. three times y less than x = (3 x y)-x
• 6. x diminished by thrice y = x-3y
• 7. the product of five X added to the product of two and y =
5x + (2 x y)
• 8. the sum of five times x and two times y = 5x + 2y
• 9. five times x increased by twice  y = 5x + 2y
• 10. twice and more than five times x = 2+5 x x
 Practice Exercises:
• A. Translate each of the following into mathematical phrases.
• 11. the quotient of x and y decreased by twice z = (x÷y)-2z
• 12. x divided by y less twice z = x÷(y-2z)
• 13. twice z less than the quotient of x and y = 2z - x÷y
• 14. the difference between the quotient of x and y, and twice z = (x
÷ y) - 2z
• 15. eight times a number x increased by three. = 8x+3
• 16. five times a number n added to six. = 5n+6
• 17. fifteen added to the quotient of a number y and two. = 15+
(y÷2)
• 18. twenty four multiplied by the sum of x and y. = 24 x (x + y)
• 19.the sum of the number n and seven multiplied by two= n+(7 x 2)
• 20. a number x is divided by two added to seven= x÷2+7
Practice Exercises:
• B. Translate into verbal phrases.
• 1)3x – 4 = thrice a number x minus four
• 2) n + 8 = n increase by eight
• 3) 2 / x + y = two divided by the sum of x and y
• 4) 5y – 2 = five times y less two
• 5) 2x + 3 = twice of x added by 3
• 6) 7y = seven times y
• 7) 2a / 3 = twice a number of a divided by three
• 8) n – 5 = number of n decreases by five
• 9) 3 (x + 6) = thrice the sum of x and six
•  10) 7 + x / 2 = seven is added to the quotient of x and two
• ESEN Pointers to Review Midterm Examination 2nd sem.2019.

• Coverage:Lesson 1-3
• I.Identification
• *Definitions
• II.Classifications
• LSRW-examples
• III.Group by prepared speeches
• examples

• IV.Identification/Classification
• *Reading
• Types of Intensive reading.
• V.Identification
• General Purposes

• VI.Classification
• *Models of reading.
• VII.Find the words on the box.Writing
• (Once completed the test VII you could earn +15 to the grand total score.)

• Long Test Coverage:Lesson 2 and 3