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INTRODUCTION TO
BIOMECHANICS AND
BASIC TERMS

NAME: BAKHTAWAR SAFDAR

ROLL NO.: 19292
SUBMITTED TO: DR. ABDUR RASHAD
SUBJECT: BIOMECHANICS
INSTITUTE’S NAME: UNITED COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY
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BIOMECHANIC
S

Application of
mechanical
principles in the
study of living
organisms.
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Mechanics: the area of physics concerned with the motions

of physical objects, more specifically the relationships
among force, matter, and motion.

Kinesiology: the scientific study of human or non-human

body movement.

Anthropometrics: factors including shape, size and weight of

the body segments
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Biomechanics

Statics Dynamics

Kinematic
s Kinetics
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Goals of biomechanics

• Performance improvement:
o technique improvement
o equipment improvement

• Injury prevention and rehabilitation:

o techniques to improve function/reduce injury
o equipment to improve function/reduce injury
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QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS:

naming
counting and
evaluating
measuring of
movement(flexed
movement
, rotated, rigid,
components
etc.)
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Anatomical reference position

• Erect standing position with

all body parts facing forward
• Considered as the starting
point for all body segment
movement
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DIRECTIONAL TERMS

• Superior
• Inferior
• Anterior
• Posterior
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• medial
• Lateral
• proximal
• Distal
• superficial
• deep
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Movements that occur in sagittal plane

• Flexion
• Extension
• Hyperextension
• Dorsiflexion
• Plantar flexion
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Movements in frontal plane

• Abduction and adduction

• Lateral flexion(hip)
• Elevation and depression
• Inversion and eversion
• Radial and ulnar deviation
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Movements in transverse plane

• Left and right rotation

• Medial and lateral rotation
• Supination and pronation
• Horizontal abduction and adduction
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KINEMATICS

1. TYPES OF DISPLACEMENT

Rectilinear Curvilinear
Rotatory
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2. LOCATION
OF
DISPLACEMENT

a. 3 cardinal b. 3 cardinal
planes axis
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3. MAGNITUDE OF
DISPLACEMENT

We study type of
movement, plane
and axis accordingly
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• 4. RATE OF DISPLACEMENT:

Ranges are checked

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• 5. DEGREES OF FREEDOM:

Abd. + add = 1
flex + ext. = 1
int. rot + ext. rot = 1 ,
so shoulder joint has 3 degrees of freedom
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KINETICS
• 1. TYPES OF FORCES
a. force of gravity :
to understand it we must know the facts:
C.O.G , L.O.G, B.O.S
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b. Tensile forces:

• Force trying to pull or extend the

body causing tear and rupture

c. Distraction:

• Pulling force that cause a

separation between the bones
that make up a joint
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e. SHEAR AND FRICTION

• Shear forces are parallel

between two opposite surfaces
• Frictional force is in opposite
direction to shear force
d. COMPRESSION:

• Occurs when a physical force

causes an object to be
compacted.
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REFERENCES

• Basic biomechanics, Susan-hall 6th edition

• google
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