Review of Electrical Sector in India

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 Superiority of Electrical Energy
• Cheapness
• Convenient and efficient transmission
• Easy control
• Cleanliness
• Greater flexibility
• Versatile form

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 Energy
• Primary Energy
– Found in nature
• Solar
• wind
– Stored in Nature
• Coal
• petroleum
• Secondary Energy
– Energy Source made of primary Energy
– Derived by transforming primary energy source
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Primary and Secondary Energy

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 Commercial and non commercial energy
source

• Commercial energy is available in market for a

definite price
– Coal
– Petroleum products
– Electricity
– Natural gas
• Non- commercial energy is not available in market
for a price
– Bio mass
– Agricultural waste
– Fire wood 6
 Renewable and Non-Renewable energy
source
• Renewable energy source
– In exhaustible in nature, available in abundant quantity
• Solar
• Wind
• Tidal
• Non Renewable energy source
– Bound to get depleted by time
• Fossil fuels
• Oil
• Gas

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 Energy Resource Map

Energy resources (coal, water etc.) unevenly distributed

Expected Generating Stations - 2025

Hydro  Coal – In Central India

Jammu Expected Installed Capacity (2025) : 6,00,000MW - Chhattisgarh : 58000 MW
- Orissa : 30000 MW
- Jharkhand : 15000 MW
Ludhiana

NR - Madhya Pradesh:16000 MW
SIKKIM
Delhi NEPAL
BHUTAN
Partabpur
RAPP Jaipur Guwahati
Lucknow CHICKEN
NECK NER
Patna

 Hydro – In North Eastern &

Koderma BANGLA
Sasan DESH
Mudra
Vindhyachal ER
Gandhinagar

Pipavav
Indore Bhopal Korba
Kolkata
Northern Himalayan region
WR Akaltara Talcher/Ib Valley

Tarapur
Raipur
Lara
Darlipali Bhubaneswar Coal
Mumbai
Vizag  Coastal based
Girye Simhadri

Tadri SR
Hyderabad

LEGEND
- Andhra Pradesh: 24000 MW
Kaiga Krishnapatnam

Ennore
Coal Based generation
Hydro Based Generation
- Tamil Nadu : 10000 MW
Bangalore
Mangalore
Kozhikode
Chennai
South Madras

Cuddalore
Coastal Generation
Nuclear generation - Gujarat : 11000 MW
Ultra-Mega Generation
Load Centre Based Generation
Kayamkulam Load-Centre
Thiruvananthapuram
Kudankulam

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 Generation of Electricity
Conventional methods
• Makes use of prime mover(petrol engine, diesel
engine, steam engine, steam turbine, gas
turbines, hydraulic turbine)-converts mechanical
energy to electrical energy
Non conventional method
• MHD(magneto hydrodynamic) , solar cells, fuel
cells, thermionic, solar power generators, wind
power generation, geothermal, tidal etc.
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 Generation of Electricity
BASELOAD PLANTS -to cater the base demand of the grid- running
continuously over extended periods of time
Non renewable BASELOAD PLANTS
• Coal - rarely turned down or off frequently
• Nuclear power plants -inflexible of base load plants.
Renewable BASELOAD PLANTS
• Hydroelectric plant
• Geothermal plant
• Biogas plant
• Biomass plant
• Solar thermal with storage
• Ocean thermal energy conversion

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 Generation of Electricity
• PEAK LOAD PLANTS-To cater the demand peaks,
peak load power plants are used. They are
started up whenever there is a spike in demand
and stopped when the demand recedes.
• Gas plant
• Solar power plants
• Wind turbines
• Diesel generators

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PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION Avg World-2016

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POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA

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Grid connected installed capacity from all
sources as of 31 May 2018

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Renewable energy installed capacity in India- (as of 30 April 2017)

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Per Capita Electricity Consumption

Actual Power Supply Position

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T&D LOSSES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES

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 T & D losses
• Technical Losses
– Overloading of existing lines and substation equipment
– Low HT: LT lines ratio- Higher amount of current flow in the system
results in higher losses.
– Poor repair and maintenance of equipment
– Non-installation of sufficient capacitors/reactive power equipment
• Commercial Losses
– Low metering/billing/collection efficiency
– Theft, pilferage of electricity and tampering of meters
– Low accountability of employees
– Absence of Energy Accounting and Auditing

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 Demand Projections of India

Source: 19th Electric Power Survey (EPS) published by CEA

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 Total Transmission Lines (cKm) &
Transformation Capacity (MVA)-2016

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Indian National Grid

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 Evolution of National Grid
• Grid management on regional basis started in sixties.
• Initially, State grids were inter-connected to form regional grid and India
was demarcated into 5 regions namely Northern, Eastern, Western,
North Eastern and Southern region.
• In October 1991 North Eastern and Eastern grids were connected.
• In March 2003 WR and ER-NER were interconnected .
• August 2006 North and East grids were interconnected thereby 4
regional grids Northern, Eastern, Western and North Eastern grids are
synchronously connected forming central grid operating at one
frequency.
• On 31st December 2013, Southern Region was connected to Central Grid
in Synchronous mode with the commissioning of 765kV Raichur-Solapur
Transmission line thereby achieving 'ONE NATION'-'ONE GRID'-'ONE
FREQUENCY’ by the Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd (PGCIL).

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Indian Power Sector -Institutional frame work

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Indian Power Sector -Institutional frame work

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Grid Management - Hierarchy

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CPCC: Central Project Coordination Centre) at Bangalore 28
 Load Dispatch Centre
• center for the operation , planning , monitoring and control
of the power system

• Objectives of LDC

– Co-ordinate generation , transmission and distribution of

electricity from moment to moment to achieve maximum
security, reliability and efficiency. )
– Regulating the system frequency .
– Optimum utilization of resources.
– Quick restoration of normalcy after system disturbances.

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Responsibilities of State Load Dispatch Centre

• Demand Estimation for operational purpose.

• Scheduling for Merit Order Dispatch.
• Regulating Generation Load Balance.
• Schedule for Central Sector Drawl & Regulate it.
• Monitor bilateral power supply agreement.
• Maintain system frequency in 49.0 Hzs to 50.5 Hzs range.
• Outage planning and monitoring.
• Restoration procedure planning and implementation.
• Reactive power management and voltage control.
• Load Shedding Implementation.
• Coordination with RLDC And other constituents.

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31
Power Issues in India

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 Grid modernisation in India
• Renewable energy integration-In India, RES generators
and system operators need to partner with IMD and
ISRO for forecasting of weather and monitoring the
cloud movement to improve forecast of power output
from RES.
• Green energy corridor for facilitating transmission of
about 40,000 MW RE power
• PMU ( Phase Measurement Units ) have been installed
at various locations by CTU (PGCIL) for Grid security
• Smart grid projects
• Rural Electrification 33
 Green Energy Corridor : Integration of
Renewables
• Grid connected network for the transmission of renewable energy
produced from various renewable energy projects.
• aims to create an ambitious 175 GW of renewable energy capacity
by 2022

• The Plan includes

– Transmission strengthening
– Dynamic reactive
compensation,
– Energy Storage,
– Smart grid applications,
– Establishment of Renewable Energy Management Centre
enabling forecasting of renewable generation, real time monitoring, etc. 34
35
 RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
• As per census 2011, there are 5,97,464 inhabited villages in the country.

• At present about 2462 (0.4%) villages in the country are still electrified and
targeted to be electrified by May 2018.

• DDUGJY( Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana) scheme- launched in Dec

2014 to provide funding to the states to electrify all the un-electrified villages
and to provide access to all the households in the country. Under the scheme,
more than 1,00,000 villages and more than 20 million Households have been
electrified in the country.

• At present, about 40 million HH are un-electrified in the country. Out of which,

about 10 million HH under DDUGJY and about 30 million under newly launched
scheme SAUBHAGAYA are targeted to be electrified by Dec 2018.

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Initiative being taken for Reduction of AT&C Losses

• 100% metering and improving billing & collection efficiency

• Metering of all 11 KV feeders & Distribution transformers for
energy auditing
• Augmentation of overloaded distribution system under
various schemes
• Implementation of HVDS-high voltage distribution system
• Use of Arial bunched Conductors (ABC)
• IT initiative like SCADA, GIS- geographic information
system, AMR etc
• Segregation of rural & agriculture feeders
• Online feeder data on power portal
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Introduction of Smart Grid in India Initiatives

• GoI have necessitated Smart Grid as the enabling infrastructure

for
– Round the clock electricity supply- “Power for all”
– 175 GW of renewable energy by 2022 with 100 GW from
solar
– National Mission on Electric Mobility with a target of
complete electrification of transport system by 2030
– 35 million smart meters within the next four years
– 40% of electricity generation from renewable sources by
2030
– Rejuvenation of 500 towns under Atal Mission for
Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) scheme
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 Introduction of Smart Grid in India Initiatives
Journey So far –
• 2008-09: R-APDRP(Restructured Accelerated Power Development and
Reforms Programme) – Introduction of IT in distribution sector -basic
building blocks of Smart Grids
• 2011: India Smart Grid Task Force(ISTF) and India Smart Grid Forum (ISGF)
• 2012: approval of Smart Grid Pilot Projects
• 2013: release of Smart Grid Vision and Roadmap for India
• GoI has approved 14 smart grid pilot projects in different states in 2013.
• National Smart Grid Mission approved in 2015 for development of smart
grid in the country
• Model Smart Grid Regulations approved in June 2015 by Forum of
Regulators
• Standards for Smart Meters (IS 16444) issued by Bureau of Indian
Standards
• Central Electricity Authority issued Functional requirement of Advanced
Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in 2016
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Smart grid pilot projects in India

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 References
• https://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_In
dia

• http://www.cea.nic.in/

• http://www.powergridindia.com/

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THANK YOU

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