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INTRODUCTION
 The proposed project aims to establish a sewerage
collection and disposal system in the island of
Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll. The concept designed is a
gravity type wastewater collection and disposal system,
where sloping pipelines will allow waste water from the
entire island to flow to three zonal pumping stations.
The sewage will be pumped out from the pumping
station and discharged via sea outfall pipeline into the
sea.
 The sewerage system will comprise of elements of a
given specification for sewer mains, maintenance
shafts, manholes, vents, pump stations, outfall pipeline
and diffuser that will ensure a 30 year design flow.

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What is gravity sewer network?
 Gravity sewer is an underground
piping system which is sloped
downwards away from the source
(house toilet/catch pit) towards the
destination (Lifting station / Pump
Station).The product which flows
through the pipes is geared by the
force of gravity.

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Component of gravity network
1. Maintenance shaft
2. Catch pit/ House chamber
3. Lateral pipe
4. Manhole
5. Gravity main pipe

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1.) Maintenance Shaft
 The maintenance
shaft is a 450 dia.
shaft with DI cover
located at the
beginning of the
gravity main pipe
network.

 Maintenance shafts
are used to inspect
and clean the piping
network from
beginning to first
manhole

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2.) Catch pit/House chamber
 Made up of 315 dia.
HDPE chamber, riser
shaft and cover.
 An empty chamber with
an inlet to collect
sewage from the
houses and outlet to
periodically flushed out
the sewage going to
gravity main pipe
 Use for inspect and
clean the lateral
connection

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3.) Lateral sewer line
 Is a 110 dia. UPVC
pipe which
connects the catch
pit and gravity
main pipe while
maintaining the
slope towards to
main sewer line

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Connection details for lateral sewer line
 Minimum Slope
should be 4% from
house chamber to
main sewer line

 Maximum distance
land boundary to
chamber should be
1m.

 House chamber
minimum invert
level should be 450
mm from existing
ground

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How to give new house connection
 Required materials
 160/110 mm upvc Y connection
 110 mm upvc 45 dig bend
 110 mm upvc pipe
 160 mm repair socket
 315 mm HDPE chamber.
 Procedure
 identify location then cut & remove a section from the 160 mm main
sewer line to suit length of 160/110 mm upvc Y connection.
 insert the 160 mm repair socket fully one side of cut end of 160 mm
main sewer pipe
 Place the 160/110 Y connection then drag the repair socket & join to
the 160 mm upvc main sewer pipe
 By using 110mm 45 dig bend & 110 mm upvc pipe, lay the lateral
connection while maintain the slope then fix the chamber in side the
land maximum 1m distance from the boundary.

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4.) Manhole
 Is an opening to confined
space; it is used as access
point for an underground utility
allowing inspection and
maintenance.
 In general manholes consist of
1000 dia. HDPE chamber,
manhole shaft, cone and
heavy duty ductile iron cover
with reinforce concrete
surround & RCC slab
available for bottom of
manhole

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Manhole
 Maximum distance between two
manholes varies 60m to 80 m.
 According to 4% slope, between two
manholes which located in 50 m
distance , invert level difference is 200
mm.

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5.) Gravity main pipe
 Is a 160 dia. UPVC
pipe that
simultaneously
collect waste water
coming from the
catch pit / house
connection leading
to collection
chamber / pumping
station.

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How the sewer works?

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What is pressure network?
 This is a part of overall
network made up of fully
sealed pipes which ultimately
transfer collected sewerage
from pumping station to the
sea outfall.

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Component of pressure network
1. Control panel
2. Pumping station/Lifting stations
3. Valve chamber
4. Vent pipe
5. Pressure main pipe
6. Sea outfall pipe

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Control panel
 This is a weather
proof box encased
with concrete which
mounted near the
pumping station, it
contains electrical
and electro
mechanical controls
for the pumping unit
including visual
alarm system.

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Pumping station/Lifting
stations
 Is the main collection point of
all the sewage and waste
water coming from the gravity
network before pumping out
to the sea outfall.
 It is made up of reinforced
concrete constructed
underground that only the top
cover is visible; It was applied
with 2 coats of fiber for water
proofing; It is consist of 2
pumps automatically working
in turn, (one on duty and one
standby), guide rails, lifting
chains, riser pipes and pump
controls.

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Valve chamber
 It is made up of
reinforced concrete
constructed
underground that only
the top cover is
visible; It consist of 2
gate valve and 2 non
return valve; It is the
isolation point
between pumping
station and main
pressure pipe which
ensures that the back
flow will not occur.

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Valve chamber

A Gate valve is generally used to

completely shut off fluid flow or, in the fully
open position, provide full flow in a pipeline.
A Non return valve is used to stop the
backflow of sewerage & allows to flow only
one direction.

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Vent pipe
 It is a tapered
galvanized pipe
attached to the
pumping
station/sump well; it
helps gas and odor
to removed and
escape outside and
allows fresh air to
circulate into the
pumping
station/sump well.

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Pressure main pipe
 Is a pipe line that
convey waste water
under pressure from
Lifting stations to
Pumping station &
Pumping station to
sea outfall.

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Sea outfall pipe
 It is the discharged
pipe which laid from
the shore going to
the to sea bed up to
the 11m below sea
level; it was being
hold by an
intermittent concrete
blocks from shore to
diffuser.

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How Pumping station/Lifting stations
works?
 Step 1 – Wastewater enters the pump
station/sump well through the inlet
from the main gravity network.
 Step 2 – When the water level rises
up to the high level the float switch
will be triggered, one pump will
automatically turns on.
 Step 3 – When the wastewater
reduce below the low level the float
will be triggered, the pump will
automatically turns off.
 Step 4 – When the wastewater rises
up to the extra high level the float will
be triggered, stand by pump will
automatically turns on, at this point 2
pumps are working at the same time
until the water level reduce up to the
low level
 Step 5 – In the event of power outage
or pump failure the wastewater may
rise up to the alarm level, the float
switch will be triggered and the alarm
light/beacon light will automatically
turns on.

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Lifting Station 1

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Lifting station 2

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Lifting station 3

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Lifting station 4

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Lifting station 5

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Lifting station 6

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Lifting station 7

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Lifting station 8

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Pumping station

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 PURPOSE OF
MAINTENANCE
 Enable better equipment performance.
 Prevent breakdown or failures of
system.
 Minimizes the break down or failures of
system.
 Increase the reliability of the systems.

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 SAFETY DURING
MAINTENANCE
 Inspect protective gear before start of work
and ensure that they are ready for use at all
times. Repair or replace gear and equipment
that are defective.
 Keep ready breathing apparatus, ladder, rope,
safety belt and other equipment for use in
evacuating or rescuing workers in the event of
an emergency.
 Use forced ventilation to ventilate the tank
before entering it.
 Do not work on electrical systems or controls
unless you are qualified and authorized to do
so.

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SAFETY SIGNS

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What is PPE?
 PPE is equipment that will protect the
user against health or safety risks at
work. These include items such as
safety helmets and hard hats, gloves,
eye protection, high-visibility clothing,
safety footwear and safety harnesses (if
risk of falling).

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 PPE kit for sewer related work,

 Goggles – to protect eyes from splashes of human waste or sewer

 Protective face mask or splash- proof face shield- to protect nose and
mouth from splashes of human waste or sewer
 Liquid-repellent coveralls - to keep human waste or sewer off clothing.
 Waterproof gloves - to prevent exposure to human waste or sewer
 Rubber boots - to prevent exposure to human waste or sewer
 Helmet or hard hat – to protect head (while working inside LS/PS/Manholes)
 
 PPE kit for electricity related work
 
 Cotton protective clothing with long sleeves
 Helmet or hard hat
 Goggles for eye protection
 Gloves (leather or rubber)
 Hearing protectors
 Safety footwear

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PPE FOR GENERAL WORK

Safety Helmet High-visibility cloth Eye protector-Goggles

Safety shoes Safety harnesses (if risk of falling)

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 PPE FOR SEWERAGE WORK

Splash- proof face

shield with face mask Waterproof gloves

Liquid-repellent coveralls
& respiratory protector

Rubber boot

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PPE FOR ELECTRICAL WORK

Gloves - Rubber Hearing protectors

Cotton protective
clothing with long
sleeves

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What is confined space?
 A confined space means any place in which, by
virtue of its enclosed nature, there arises a
reasonably foreseeable specified risk of:
 Loss of consciousness or oxygen deficiency of any
person due to gas, fume, vapor or lack of oxygen;
 Drowning of any person due to an increase in the level of
liquid; or
 Oxygen deficiency to any person who is trapped by a
flowing solid.
 Confined spaces - pump stations, valve chambers
and manholes.

Safety Precautions for confined space work

 Before entering provide proper ventilation by
supplying fresh air
 Use suitable respiratory protection

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confined space

Provide proper ventilation by

Example for confined space
supplying fresh air

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Use suitable respiratory protection

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Maintenance checks
 Daily routine maintenance to be planned
and implemented by the supervisor.
 These check will identify and prevent
problems before they occur.
 These regular inspection will ensure that
the system is functional at all times.

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Check list for electrical control system

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Check list for control panel

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 SEWER LINE AND PUMP STATION
CLEANING

 Flush all the lines to remove the build up

grease and debris.
 Pressure wash the Pump station walls
with Fresh water.
 Using the pumps remove the excess
water
 Remove the debris from pump station
floor and dispose it properly.

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 JETTING VEHICLE
 In the water jetting process, flushing water is pumped from a
water tank by means of a high pressure pump through a
hose with a cleaning nozzle at the end.
 The cleaning nozzle is equipped with holes into which are
nozzle inserts, which beam the fast flowing water jets and
direct them at the pipe walling.
 This causes a reaction force at the nozzle, which force the
hose in the sewer section, to move against the direction of
flow from the starting manhole to the target manhole.
 After arrival of the nozzle at the target manhole, it is slowly
pulled back in the direction of flow.
 The jets of water leaving the nozzle increase the velocity of
flow, loosen the deposits and whirl them up.

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Jetting machine Nozzle inserting in to manhole

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Nozzle & it’s mechanism

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Reminders
 Pressure network system is only designed for house hold
sewerage.
 It is very important to inform the house holds regarding
the materials which is prohibited to flushed out into any of
the house hold drains connected to the main sewer line.
Materials such as glass, metals or metal filings, seafood
shells, rags or clothes, plastic object, sanitary napkins
and other similar objects that can cause pumping station
to fail or worst to completely damaged the pumps.
 Storm water of rain water shall not be directed to into the
sewer system for the following reasons;
1. It will increase the cost of pumping.
2. It can lead to alarms being activated.
3. In extreme condition the pumping station/sump well may over
flow.

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THANK YOU

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