C.

Water Supply
and
Distribution System
Planning and design of water
supply, distribution, branch
and all pipings to fixtures,
appliances, appurtenance
within the building and premises.
Parts of the Cold Water Distribution System
 Parts of the Cold Water Distribution System
 Service Pipe- pipe from the street water main or other source of
water supply to the building served
 Water Meter- device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount
of water that passes through the water service
 Horizontal Supply Main- the principal water distribution pipe
running from the water meter from which the various branches and
risers to the fixtures are taken
 Riser- a water supply pipe extending vertically to one full story or
more to convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures
 Fixture Branch- the water supply pipe between the fixture supply
pipe and the water-distributing pipe
 Valves- used for control, isolation and repair of the water distribution
system
 Storage Tanks
 Supplementary Definitions
(Water Distribution System)
 Air Gap (Water Distribution) - An unobstructed vertical distance
through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any
pipe or faucet conveying potable water to the flood-level rim of any
tank, vat or fixture
 Backflow - The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or
substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water
from any source other than from its intended source
 Battery of Fixtures - Any of two or more similar adjacent fixtures
which discharge into a common horizontal soil or waste branch
 Cross- Connection - Any connection or arrangement between a
potable water supply system and any plumbing fixture or any tank,
receptacle, equipment or device through which enables
contaminated water or other substances to enter into any part of the
system
 Supplementary Definitions
(Water Distribution System)
 Fixture Branch - The water supply pipe between the fixture supply
pipe and the water distributing pipe
 Flood Level - The level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow
over the top or rim of the fixture
 Gooseneck - A flexible tubing connection between a service pipe
and water main; A return bend of small-sized pipe commonly used
as a faucet
 Roughing in - The installation of all piping and fitting parts of the
plumbing system, which can be completed prior to the installation of
fixtures and accessories. These include sanitary and storm
drainage, tap, hot and chilled water supplies, gas pipings and the
necessary fixture supports.
Plumbing Roughing-in
Air Pressure System (Pneumatic)

Used when pressure supplied by city water supply is inadequate

Compressed air is used to raise and push water into the system
Downfeed /Overheadfeed /Gravity System

Water is pumped into a large tank on top of the building and is

distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Upfeed System
1. Eliminates extra cost of pumps & tanks. 1. Pressure from water main is inadequate to
supply tall buildings.
2. Water supply is affected during peak load
hour.
Air Pressure System
1. With compact pumping unit. 1. Water supply is affected by loss of pressure
2. Sanitary due to air tight water chamber. inside the tank in case of power interruption.
3. Oxygen in the compressed air serves as 2. Maximum zoning for each system is 10
purifying agent. floors.
4. Less initial construction & maintenance cost
5. Adaptable air pressure.
Overhead feed System
1. Water is not affected by peak load hour. 1. Water is subject to contamination.
2. Not affected by power interruptions. 2. High maintenance cost.
3. Time needed to replace broken parts does 3. Occupies valuable space.
not affect water supply. 4. Requires stronger foundation and other
structure to carry additional load of tank and
water.
Maximum and Probable Demand
Maximum Demand: refers to the maximum water
discharge for plumbing fixtures in terms of units. The
maximum demand of water supply is equal to the
total fixture units in a plumbing system wherein one
unit is approximately valued at 7.5 gallons of water
discharge per minute
Probable Demand: also referred to as the Peak load,
it is the probable amount of water discharge at any
given time. The fewer the number of fixtures
installed the higher the percentage of probability of
their simultaneous use.
WSFU
 WSFU are used to determine water supply to
fixtures and their service systems
 The Water Supply Fixture Units (WSFU) are defined
by the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC), and can be
used to determine the water supply to fixtures and
their service systems.
FIXTURE UNIT VALUES
Type of Fixture Fixture Units
Floor drain 1
Lavatory or wash basin 2
Bath tub 2
Kitchen sink 2
Laundry tub 2
Shower bath 2
Slop sink 3
Urinal 5
Water closet 6
Bathroom group (WC, Lav., 8
Tub, and Shower
PROBABILITY of SIMULTANEOUS USE of FIXTURES
Type of Fixture Fixture Units

Number of Fixture Percentage of

Units Simultaneous Use
1 to 5 50 – 100%

6 to 50 25 – 50%

50 or more 10 – 25%
 PIPE DIAMETER
Diameter 13mm 20mm 25mm 32mm 38mm 50mm

Gallons 20 38 80 110 170 223

MPLE
What is the recommended size of service pipe approved by MWSS
for a 2 storey residential house?
a. 1 ¼” ø – 31mm
b. 1” ø – 25mm
c. ½” ø – 12mm
d. ¾” ø – 19mm
MPLE
What is the recommended size of service pipe approved by MWSS
for a 2 storey residential house?
a. 1 ¼” ø – 31mm
b. 1” ø – 25mm
c. ½” ø – 12mm
d. ¾” ø – 19mm
 MPLE
What is the recommended size of service pipe approved by MWSS for a 2 storey residential house?
a. 1 ¼” ø – 31mm
b. 1” ø – 25mm
c. ½” ø – 12mm
d. ¾” ø – 19mm

Maximum Water Supply Fixture Units (WFSU)

Meter and Building Length of pipe (feet)

street supply and
service branch
lines lines 40 60 80 100 150 200
(inches) (inches)

1/2 7 7 6 5 4 3

3/4 3/4 20 20 19 17 14 11

1 39 39 36 33 28 23

1 39 39 39 36 30 25
1
MPLE
What system uses an assembly of mechanical device which raise
water using compressed air as delivery method?
a. (pneumatic) air pressure system
b. Down feed system
c. Overhead feed system
d. Deep well system
MPLE
What system uses an assembly of mechanical device which raise
water using compressed air as delivery method?
a. (pneumatic) air pressure system
b. Down feed system
c. Overhead feed system
d. Deep well system
MPLE
What is the distance between the faucet outlet and the flood rim of
the basin into which it discharges?
a. Air chamber
b. Air gap
c. Air valve
d. Air bubble
MPLE
What is the distance between the faucet outlet and the flood rim of
the basin into which it discharges?
a. Air chamber
b. Air gap
c. Air valve
d. Air bubble
MPLE
A flush valve urinal wall hung type should have a minimum water
supply size
a. 5/8 inch
b. ¾ inch
c. 1 ¼ inches
d. 3/8 inch
MPLE
A flush valve urinal wall hung type should have a minimum water
supply size
a. 5/8 inch
b. ¾ inch
c. 1 ¼ inches
d. 3/8 inch
 Urinal, 1.0 GPF Flushometer Valve - ¾”
 Urinal, greater than 1.0 GPF Flushometer Valve - ¾”
 Urinal, flush tank - ½”
MPLE
The minimum size of water supply to bath tub
a. ¼”
b. 3/8”
c. ½”
d. 1”
MPLE
The minimum size of water supply to bath tub
a. ¼”
b. 3/8”
c. ½”
d. 1”
 Bathtub or Combination Bath/Shower (fill) ½”
 ¾” Bathtub Fill Valve ¾”
MPLE
What is the minimum size of water supply for water closet flush
valve type?
a. ½ inch
b. 1 inch
c. 1 ¼ inches
d. ¾ inch
MPLE
What is the minimum size of water supply for water closet flush
valve type?
a. ½ inch
b. 1 inch
c. 1 ¼ inches
d. ¾ inch
 Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Gravity Tank ½”
 Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Tank ½”
 Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Valve 1”
 Water Closet, greater than 1.6 GPF Gravity Tank ½”
 Water Closet, greater than 1.6 GPF Flushometer Valve 1”
MPLE
One of the first steps in the selection of a suitable water supply
source is
a. (water) demand
b. Budgetary cost
c. (Water) potability
d. Topography
MPLE
One of the first steps in the selection of a suitable water supply
source is
a. (water) demand
b. Budgetary cost
c. (Water) potability
d. Topography
MPLE
One of the first steps in the selection of a suitable water supply source is
a. (water) demand
b. Budgetary cost
c. (Water) potability
d. Topography

Two main factors that affect water supply selection are

1) Quality of water: Water must be treated or purified to meet Regulatory
Requirements established by the EPA (United States Government). The
requirements are divided into 2 categories:
a. residential communities with populations not exceeding 3,000; and
b. combined residential and commercial communities that serve a
population demand over 3,000.
Water quality standards are covered in Chapter 3.
2) Quantity of water: The quantity of water must be adequate to meet
consumer consumption and fire flow demands at any time of the day,
day of week, and week of the year.
MPLE
One of the first steps in the selection of a suitable water supply source is
a. (water) demand
b. Budgetary cost
c. (Water) potability
d. Topography

There are two fundamental considerations for both designing

and evaluating municipal water supply
systems.
The first and most important is the quality of the water for
human consumption—drinking water.
The second is the quantity of water required.
MPLE
Plumbing fixtures are classified as Class 3 are intended for
a. Condominium Building
b. Cinema Theater
c. Office Building
d. Factory Building
MPLE
Plumbing fixtures are classified as Class 3 are intended for
a. Condominium Building (Class 2)
b. Cinema Theater
c. Office Building (Class 2)
d. Factory Building (Class 2)
MPLE
What is the FU of a restaurant with 7WC, 4Urinal, 4 Lav., 5 FD, 1
Bar Counter, 1 Veg. Sink, 1 slop sink?
WC 7x6= 42
UR 4x2= 8
LAV 4x2= 8
FD 5x2= 10
VS 1x3= 3
SS 1x3= 3
TFU 74