Hazardz

Types
Types
Types
Facts
Definitio
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BY: Group 2
Hazard
Lava Flow
Volcanic
Hazards
Types
Facts
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Lava Flows
Lava flows are streams of molten rock that pour or ooze from an
erupting vent. The temperatures of molten lava range from about
700 to 1,200 °C (1,300 to 2,200 °F). The material can be very
fluid, flowing almost like syrup, or it can be extremely stiff,
scarcely flowing at all. The higher the lava’s silica content, the
higher its viscosity.
 The speed at which lava moves across the ground
depends on several factors, including:

1 2 3
whether the
steepness of lava flows as a
Type of lava
the ground broad sheet,
erupted and
Hazards

over which it through a

its viscosity;

Facts
Types

about
confined
travels;
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channel, or
down a 
lava tube;

and rate of

4 lava
production at
the vent.
 Definition
Hazards

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PAHOEHO AA LAVA BLOCK

E FLOWS LAVA
LAVA FLOWS
FLOWS
 Lava flows may instigate other types of hazards. Everything in the path
of an advancing lava flow will be knocked over, surrounded, buried, or ignited by
the extremely hot temperature of lava.

When lava erupts beneath a  Other natural phenomena

glacier or flows over snow such as hurricanes,
and ice, meltwater from the tornadoes, tsunami, fires,

Definition
ice and snow can result in and earthquakes often

Hazards
far-reaching lahars. destroy buildings,

Facts
Types
agricultural crops, and
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homes

If it enters a body of water or Deaths attributed to lava flows are

water enters a lava tube, the
water may boil violently and
cause an explosive shower of
molten spatter over a wide area.
often due to related causes, such as
explosions when lava interacts
with water, the collapse of an
active lava delta that forms where
lava enters a body of water,
asphyxiation due to accompanying
toxic gases
 BE PREPARED
If you are in the path of potential lava flows, pyroclastic flows, surges or lahars be
aware of this fact and be prepared to evacuate when asked to by controlling
authorities

TAKE WITH YOU

Essential medicines, toilet
items and baby needs

Definitio
Important documents e.g.

hazards

Facts
identification, insurance,

Types
Tips
Consider your pets and
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photos Transistor radio

and Extra clothing before animals; Turn off water,
leaving electricity, gas and heating oil
at the mains. Secure premises
When you reach safety Listen
to your radio for further
If you have been instructions, including
evacuated, return home registration requirements.
only if you have been
advised by Civil Defence
that it is safe. Seek
medical help or
counselling if needed.
 END

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Tips
Hazards
Types
Facts
Definitio

Mexico's Colima volcano
Q W E R
A S
Philippine’s Taal Volcano
Lava can erupt during most
types of volcanic eruptions, but
it's most commonly associated
MESSAGES with effusive eruptions. Effusive
eruptions are non-explosive
eruptions of lava onto the
surface of the earth.
Lava is molten rock that erupts from
volcanic vents. When lava is still
COMPOSITION:
within the earth, geologists call it
What is lava?magma.
COMPOSITION:
 Mafic – rich in iron and
Lav a . . . . SEND  Mafic – rich in iron and
magnesium but low in silica
T Y U I O P
magnesium but low in silica
D F H J  Intermediate – with medium
K L  Intermediate – with medium
amounts of iron, magnesium,
Z X C V B N M amounts of iron, magnesium,
and silica. 
SPAC
and silica. 
E  Felsic-   have the highest
 Felsic-   have the highest
silica and lowest magnesium
silica and lowest magnesium
concentration.
concentration.
PAHOEHOE
LAVA FLOW
Pahoehoe lava flows
are characterized by
smooth, gently
undulating, or broadly
hummocky surfaces.
The liquid lava flowing
beneath a thin, still-
plastic crust drags and
wrinkles it into
tapestry-like folds and
rolls resembling twisted
rope. Pahoehoe lava
flows are fed almost
wholly internally by
streams of liquid lava
flowing beneath a
solidified or partly
solidified surface. 
AA LAVA FLOWS
In contrast to pahoehoe, the surface of aa lava is
exceedingly rough, covered with a layer of partly loose,
very irregular fragments commonly called clinkers. Aa
lava flows are fed principally by rivers of liquid lava
flowing in open channels. Typically, such a feeding river
forms a narrow band that is 8 to 15 metres (25 to 50
feet) wide along the centre line of the flow, with broad
fields of less actively moving clinker on each side of it. At
the front of the flow, clinkers from the top roll down and
are overridden by the pasty centre layer, like a tread on
an advancing bulldozer.
BLOCK LAVA
BLOCK LAVA
FLOW
FLOW
Blocky lava flows resemble aa lavas. They
also have highly irregular surfaces covered
with debris, but they contain larger lava
blocks with smoother sides and angular
edges with common dimensions from few
decimeters to several meters. Blocky flows
grow higher as they advance and may
reach more than 100 meters in height.
QUIZ!
INSTRUCTION: Get ¼ sheet of paper and answer
the following questions.

1. What do you call to the streams of molten rock

that pour or ooze from an erupting vent?
2. - 4. What are the 3 types of composition of a
lava?
QUIZ!

INSTRUCTION: Get ¼ sheet of paper and

answer the following questions.

5.-10. Identify what kind of lava flow are

shown in the picture.
 5. 6. 7.

8.. 10.
9.