GSM BSS Optimization

Elnaz Yaghoubi
CS KPI
CSSR
 Environment Factors That Affect on CSSR

• TCH assignment
• TCH congestion
• SDCCH congestion
• Immediate assignment
TCH assignment
 Environment Factors That Affect on TCH assignmen
t success rate

• HW problem such as TRX ,feeders, cabling

• Coverage gap between 1800 and 900 band
• Sector swap ,feeder swap
• No Abis resource
• Over shooting
• Interference
• not adjusted antenna (azimuth and tilt)
• TCH availability problems
• TCH congestion
 TCH assignment failures

• TCH Assignment failures due to No Abis Resource

Solution
1. E1 expansion
2. change Fix Abis mode to Flex
 TCH Assignment failures

• TCH assignment failures due to wrong Send and Rec

eive mode
Solution
1. check Send/receive mode, software (below table)and Hardware ( attached f
ile)
command
 LST GTRXDEV

BTS3012 & BTS3012AE-20070510-B-1.0.rar

BTS Type Receive Send

Transmit Indecency or
3900 Main Diversity combination
312 none none
Dividing Receiver No combination
Dividing Receiver  Wideband combination
3012 (for more than 2 TRXs)
 TCH assignment failures

• TCH assignment failures due to Feeder swap and se

ctor swap
Solution
1. Sector swap: check cell ID of serving cell by TEMS or ACTIX (below picture)
2. Feeder swap: Check TCH assignment failures in 1800& 900 TRXs
3. check 1800 & 900 feeders by FLM
Check Main & Diversity swap

 Check TX and RX swap

 check TCH assignment failures on TRX

 TCH assignment failures

• Coverage gap between 1800 and 900 band

 check Antenna Tilts of 1800,900

 1800 tilt should be less than 900 tilt
TA report in1800 TRXs

TA report in 900 TRXs

 TCH assignment failures

• TCH assignment due to wrong Cell configuration no

rmal to concentric
 Check concentric cell parameter

command MOD GCELL.

Cell IUO Type to Concentric_cell(Concentric Cell)
Enhanced Concentric Allowed to an appropriate value.

command SET GTRXIUO

Concentric Attribute to OVERLAID(Overlaid Subcell) or UNDERLAID(Underlaid Subcell)

command SET GCELLHOBASIC.

Concentric Circles HO Allowed to YES(Yes).

SET GCELLHOIUO command to set the handover parameters in the concentric cell based on
the current network status.
 Check concentric cell parameter

Multiplexing Mode in command ADD BTS is set to MODE4_1

MR.Preprocessing in command SET GCELLHOCTRL is set to BTS preprocessing

Sent Freq.of preprocessed MR in command SET GCELLHOCTRL is set to Once every

second.
 TCH assignment parameter

• TCH reassignment
It is recommended that this function be enabled to improv
e TCH Assignment Success Rate. By default, this functio
n is enabled SET/LST GCELLCCBASIC
SDCCH and TCH congestion
 Environment Factors That Affect on TCH/SDCCH c
ngestion

• Traffic increment
• TCH availability issue
• Poor quality and unstable transmission links over t
he Abis interface
 TCH/SDCCH congestion parameters

• Cell Reselection parameters

Push traffic with positive C2 on neighbor sites and negative C2 on site

• Half-Rate Channel parameters

Increased HR usage

• Handover parameters
load Hondver allow set to yes

• Assignment Cell Load Judge Enable

When this parameter is set to Yes, the directed retry procedure is performed during the assignment pr
ocedure if the following conditions are met: the cell supports directed retry and the load of the cell i
s greater than or equal to Cell Direct Try Forbidden Threshold. By default, this parameter is set t
o No.

• TRX Expansion
 HR usage parameters
command
• LST GCELLCHM
 TCH traffic Busy Threshold
 AMR TCH/H prior Allowed
 AMR TCH/H prior cell load ..
 TCH traffic Busy overlay Threshold
 TCH traffic Busy underlay Threshold
 HR activation parameters

Command:
SET GCELLCHMGBASIC SET GTRX DEV
 Enhanced TCH Adjust Allow  TCH Rate Adjust Allow ( active HF on TRX)
 Cell Reselection parameters

Command:
• LST GCELLIDLEBISAC
• LST GCELLIDLEAD
 Cell Reselect offset (CRO)
 Cell Reselect Penalty Time(PT)

Location updating parameter

 T3212
 Cell Reselect Hysteresis(CRH)
 Adding SDCCH in 1800 TRX

1. Different Band SDCCH Using Optimize  =  No -> Yes

SET GCELLCHMGBASIC
2. Dynamically Adjust Inter-Freq Band SDCCH  =  No -> Yes
SET GCELLCHMGBASIC.
3. TA Pref. of Imme-Assign Allowed  =  No -> Yes
SET GCELLHOIUO
4. TA Threshold of Imme-Assign Pref  =  0
SET GCELLHOIUO
 ADD channel in TRX

Command:
• LST GTRXCHAN
 Traffic parameters

• Max TA should be set 62

• Rxlevel access min should be set to 6
• Power type should be set to Maximum
 power type

Command
• LST GTRXDEV

BTS Type NO TRX Power type

2 45 -40
4 27-20
3900 6 16
2 60
4  60
312 6  60
2  60
4  60
3012 6  60
Immediate assignment
 Environment Factors That Affect on Immediate ass
gnment success rate

• Coverage
• Interference on BCCH TRX
• High location updating
• Availability problems
• Overshooting
• HW issue in BCCH TRX
• SDCCH congestion
 Immediate assignment success rate parameters
• MS MAX Retrans
This parameter should be as small as possible.

• MS Min.Access Level
This parameter affects the coverage area.

• RACH Min Access Level

This parameter affects the coverage area.

• RACH Busy Threshold

This parameter affects the coverage area.

• Tx-integer
When the success rate of call setup (immediate assignment) is low, the value of this parameter can be se
t to a higher value.

• Random Access Error Threshold

This parameter affects the coverage area.

• Use Imm_Ass Retransmit Parameter

Huawei recommends that this function be enabled
Drop call
 Drop flowchart
P_nbsc_HO_adj OSS, BTS,Cell
P_nbsc_RX_Statistics P_nbsc_RX_Statistics
Hfr_58,hfr_59 parameters
Counters(ul0..ul7,dl0..dl8) Counters(ul0..ul7,dl0..dl8)
Case Closed No
ND_204 ND_204

Check quality/level Check quality/level Check HOs to

distribution. Any Bad distribution. Any Bad Check cell
RF drops adjacent cells, Any Check all the
Quality problems = Lots Level problems = Lots DCR still too
>X% Yes of samples in good No of samples in bad No bad HO problems No parameters, No alarms
high
>X count signal level and bad signal level to any adjacent discrepancies?
quality cells?

Yes alarms
Yes
Yes Yes
Check TA statistics and
Make parameter
Check all Neighbors. If lots of
long distance samples and corrections
only nearest cells are
neighbors, may be some
TRX / combiner is
Yes, change TRX is broken (sample neighbor cells are missing
broken, for
-TRX distribution is somehow example only <-
-Combiner strange, for example Yes, 100dBm level
-broken antenna only quality 4 samples) Change samples
TRX / P_nbsc_power,Timing
Combiner advance
Neighbors are ND_232
missing
No -Add LNA No Yes, Add
-Add new site neighbors

Change new -Add new sector

frequency based Signal level No
on interference problems. Improve
matrix coverage

Check all HO
parameters, any HOC OSS, Hoc
parameter problems? parameters
Yes,
Change
parameters
NetAct Planner, Optimizer
No

Check blocking in
target cells. If blocking,
add capacity to P_nbsc_HO_adj
Yes, add blocked cells Blck_19,blck_20
capacity

No Blocking
Check if HO fails are due
to MSC/ BSC border. If
bad values, check
borders. OptimizeMSC/
BSC borders ND_150

Yes
 Environment Factors That Affect on TCH Drop

• Coverage
• Interference
• Poor quality and unstable transmission
links over the Abis and the A interface
• TCH availability issue
• Feeder swap ,sector swap
• Coverage gap on 1800 & 900
counter of Drop in Huawei
Handover success Rate
 Rules, HO fail
HO Fail No Case closed No

Ho fail is high ND_150

ND_150 ND_150 ND_153
ND_153 ND_153 ND_157
ND_150
ND_153 yes Check if fails are Check if fails are
Check if fails are Ho fail is still
ND_157 MSC incoming or No BSC incoming or No No
Intra HO Fails high
MSC outgoing fails BSC outgoing fails
Yes, add Check if HO fails are
Capacity, TRX due to blocking
HOC P_nbsc_RX_st
HOC Yes Yes yes
atistics
NetAct Planner No blocking
Optimizer No, Are HO No,
Are HO There are
Check if HO fails are optimize parameters optimize Yes
Yes, add parameters interference in
due to missing parameters correct HO Change
neighbours correct some
neighbours parameters Frequency
Frequency
NetAct NetAct
No Planner No Yes P_nbsc_power
Planner
_control
Check if adjacent
Optimize
with high fail% are Optimize MSC / There are
dominance areas,
working properly BSC borders interference in
overlapping,
some TSL’s
overshooting
P_nbsc_rx_statistics

Yes, change
Frequency or Any Bad interference in
Tilt interferer adjacent cells
cells

P_nbsc_rx_statistics No interfer

Yes, improve
coverage
-new site or LNA Any bad signal level
-New sector problems
-More gain antenna
Yes, change
These broken No
components P_nbsc_rx_statistics
alarms
Any broken
components

No, all cells

are OK
Yes
Handover

If the originating cell and the target cell are

controlled by different BSCs and sector,

If the originating cell and the target cell are

on 2 different sector and controlled by one
BSC,
If the originating cell and the target cell are in
one sector and controlled by one BSC
LST/SET GCELL HOBASIC
 concentric cell handover

• Whether to enable the concentric cell handover algorithm. The c

oncentric cell handover helps to achieve wide coverage in the u
nderlaid subcell and aggressive frequency reuse in the overlaid
subcell and to improve the system capacity and conversation q
uality. The concentric cell handover can be classified into two ty
pes: handover from the underlaid subcell to the overlaid subcell
and handover from the overlaid subcell to the underlaid subcell.
LST/SET GCELL HOIUO
Share traffic between 1800 and 900 TRX with RX Level threshold
PS KPI
 IMPORTANT KPI FOR PS

• UL and DL TBF_SUCC_Rate
• EGPRS & GPRS_LLC_Throughput
• Payload_LLC_Total
 UL and DL TBF_SUCC_Rate

• UL& DL_TBF_Congestion_Rate
 ADD PDTCH channel
 Active 1800 PS and change same parameters according next sheet
 PS in 1800 TRXs

 Dynamic Channel Conversion Parameter of Concentric Cell can change from

Only convert at UL to UL first convert allow

 TA Based ps Uo assign Allow change to Yes

 Note: some times active 1800 PS cause effected on DL TBF Succ Rate which you can change
some parameters according bellow

TA Threshold = 0 –>1
TA hysteresis= 0 –>1
TA Threshould of immediate assignment = 0 ->1

TA HO allow = NO ->yes
TA Pref.of imme_ass allow = NO ->yes
Yes

1
1

Yes
1
PS channel management
 Maximum Rate Threshold of PDCHs in a Cell
 Up& DLlink Multiplex Threshold of Dynamic Channel
Conversion
 Dynamic Channel Conversion Parameter of Concentric Cell
Only convert at UL
 Level of Preempting Dynamic Channel Preempt all dynamic
TCHFs
 Check E1 faulty in PS

Application _Attempt _ABIS_TS should be synchrony with SUCC_RELS_ABIS_TME SLUT

 Application _ATTMPT_ABB_TS
 SUCC_RELS_ABIS_TME SLUT
 SUCC_APPLICATION_ATTMP_ABIS_TS
 Abis check

• IDLETS must be check for Flex and HDLC link should be define to 0 and for Fix should be define to MAX
• E1 link should have RSL
 change Fix to Flex Abis mode

command : MOD BTS

When you change Fix Abis to Flex, you should check below parameters.

 SUB Res Preempt flag should be yes

 Low Lev Sub RE preempt should be yes
 TCHH function switch should be yes
 PCU support Preempt_Abis_Link Massage should be yes
 Idle TS count should be 0
 TBF _per _time slot

• High TBF TS will effect on throughput

• Solution is ADD PDTCH Channel if it is passable
 Check NSEI

• LST PTPBVC , Administrative State should be Unblocked , it show NSEI is active

In MTN Network usually we have 2 GB link for Better throughput we can share number of BTS to another GB link
which has low capacity
• MOV PTPBVC and ADD PTPBVC
 Check Routing area and GPRS/EGPRS active

• LST GCELLGPRS
 GPRS should be Support as built-in PCU
 EGPRS should be yes
 Routing are should be 0
 Add channel PDTCH

For more than 2 TRX should be add 2 PDTCH and if there is no

TCH congestion we can add more than 2 PDTCH
Alarms
 Contents

• LAPD OML Fault

• Cell out of service
• VSWR Alarm
• E1 Remote alarm
• CDU Communication Alarm
• TRX Communication Alarm
• Clock Reference abnormal Alarm
• Abnormal Temperature
 LAPD OML Fault

• The data link layer protocol between the BSC and the BTS is the
LAPD protocol. To enable the communication between the data link
layers of the BSC and the BTS through the LAPD protocol, the LAPD
link should be established. The link carries operation and
maintenance information is called OML, or LAPD_OML. This alarm is
generated when the BSC detects the LAPD_OML disconnection
between the BSC and the BTS or the BSC detects that the handshake
with the BTS times out.
 LAPD OML Fault

• TCH availability is zero and Site is down ,we have not

sample at KPI
• This Alarm effected on traffic and congestion on neig
hbor sites

radio HOSR- TCH

TCH Dropped SDCCH drop TCH Block
Cell Name Date/Time TCH Avail CSSR Outgoing(fro Block(excludi SDCCH Block TCH As fail
Call Rate rate (Includ HO)
m command) ng HO)

02/09/2010 0.00%   #DIV/0! #DIV/0!   0.00% #DIV/0!   #DIV/0!

T5338XA 11:00:00
02/09/2010 0.00%   #DIV/0! #DIV/0!   0.00% #DIV/0!   #DIV/0!
T5338XB 11:00:00
02/09/2010 0.00%   #DIV/0! #DIV/0!   0.00% #DIV/0!   #DIV/0!
T5338XC 11:00:00
 Cell out of service

• The BSC periodically checks the main BCCH TRX and th

e RSL of the main BCCH TRX. This alarm is generated w
hen the RSL of the main BCCH TRX is faulty or the main
BCCH TRX is unavailable for use.
 Cell out of service

• TCH availability is zero but site is not down and we h

ave sample in KPI
• this Alarm has bad effect on CSSR ,SDCCH& TCH co
ngestion ,TCH ass fail
• This Alarm usually solve by reset level4

TCH
Cell Name Date/Time TCH Avail CSSR Block(excluding SDCCH Block TCH As fail
HO)

02/09/2010 0.00% 31.52% 66.38% 5.50% 66.38%

T5718XA 20:00:00

02/09/2010 0.00% 26.41% 65.29% 23.20% 65.29%

T5718XB 20:00:00
• Same time recover by reset
 VSWR Alarm

• VSWR level1
• VSWR level2
 Level 2 VSWR Threshold

• This parameter specifies the level 2 Voltage Standing

Wave Ratio (VSWR) threshold. When the VSWR is hig
her than this parameter, the TRX will report a level-2
VSWR alarm. At this time, the BTS disables power am
plification and fails to provide services.
• This threshold is 2
 Level 1 VSWR Threshold

• This parameter specifies the level 1 Voltage Standing

Wave Ratio (VSWR) threshold. When the VSWR is hig
her than this parameter, the TRX will report a level-1
VSWR alarm. At this time, the BTS can provide servic
es but its coverage rate decreases.
• This threshold is 1.5
 VSWR level2

• MSD check VSWR by site master

 VSWR level2

• Effected on CSSR , TCH blocking and TCH assignme

nt failures
• Need check cabling

total HO SR
with
TCH congestion(fro
BSC Cluster Cell Name Date/Time TCH Avail CSSR Block(excludin SDCCH Block HR usage TCH As fail m request)
g HO) (FACTS
HOSR+congest
ion)

12/09/2010 31.28% 79.45% 17.74% 0.00% 91.50% 17.74% 56.91%

TABSCH1   T5287XB 20:00:00
 E1 Remote alarm

• The alarm is triggered when the BTS transmission is i

nterrupted because the upper level BTS has not recei
ved correct E1 signals
 E1 Remote alarm

• Effected on BTS and HUP sites

 CDU Communication Alarm

• The TMU reports this alarm when it fails to communic

ate with the
 TRX Communication Alarm

• The alarm is reported when the handshake between C

arrier Module and TMU at the CBUS2 link layer fails.
System Actions
• When this alarm occurs, the system shuts off the pow
er amplifier automatically. For the DTRU of main BCC
H, DTRU mutual aid is started
 Clock Reference abnormal Alarm

• This alarm is reported if the upper level clock cannot

be locked when the BTS clock is set to trace the BSC
clock or external clock.
• number of many clock reference alarm in BSC cause
HO decrement
Clock Reference abnormal Alarm