A HISTORY OF

GLOBAL POLITICS
Lesson 3
 INTERNATIONALIZATION
- The deepening of interactions between states
● International Relations
- The political, military, economic, and other
diplomatic engagement between states
- International relations is an important facet of
globalization because state/governments are
key drivers of global processes, a window to
globalization of politics.
ATTRIBUTES OF PRESENT GLOBAL
SYSTEM
1. There are states or countries that are
independent and govern themselves.
2. Independent states or countries interact
with each other through diplomacy.
3. International organizations facilitate
these interactions.
4. International organizations are also
independent bodies.
 Nation vs State
Not all states are nations and not all nations are
states
● State – refers to a country and its government.
Four attributes of State
1. Population 3. Government
2. Territory 4. Sovereignty
● Nation – is an “imagined community” – Benedict
Anderson
 THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM
● Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
- set of agreements signed in 1648 to end the Thirty Years’ War between
the major continental powers of Europe
- treaty signers affirm that they exercise complete control over their
domestic affairs and swear not to meddle in each others’ affairs
● Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
- led by Napoleon Bonaparte spreading the belief of French Revolution –
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
- implemented Napoleonic Code
● Battle of Waterloo (1815)
- Defeat of Napoleon
- restored the Westphalian System – The Concert of Europe
- an alliance of great powers that sought to restore the sovereignty of states
 INTERNATIONALISM
● A desire of a system with heightened interaction between various
sovereign states, a desire for greater cooperation and unity among states
and peoples.

Two Forms:
1. Liberal Internationalism
- Immanuel Kant imagined an establishment of a global government
- Jeremy Bentham advocated the creation of International Law
- Giuseppe Mazzini reconciled nationalism with liberal internationalism
- Woodrow Wilson advocated for the creation of League of Nations
● League of Nations
- concretization of the concepts of Liberal Internationalism
 INTERNATIONALISM
2. Socialist Internationalism
- Karl Marx believed that any true form of internationalism should
deliberately reject nationalism, which rooted people in domestic concerns
instead of global ones.
- Marx did not divide the world into countries but into class
● The Socialist International (SI) (1889)
- fulfillment of Marx’s vision
- union of EU socialist and labor parties established in Paris
● Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) (1917-1991)
- new state established by Vladimir Lenin
- established Communist International (Comintern)
- Lenin’s successor, Joseph Stalin, dissolved comintern and re-
established as the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform)