ENG 513

THE SENTENCE STRUCTURE

(ENG
(ENG 513:
513:ADVANCED
ADVANCED GRAMMAR
GRAMMARAND
AND COMPOSITION)
COMPOSITION)

Prepared by ASKIN VILLARIAS

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02
BASIC SENTENCE CHARACTERISTICS AND
PATTERNS PARTS OF A SENTENCE

03 04
TYPES OF SENTENCES TYPES OF SENTENCES
ACCORDING TO ACCORDING TO USE
STRUCTURE
The Art of Sentence
Sentence Length
Length
BASIC SENTENCE
PATTERNS
 1
S + IV

Sentence Patterns Subject + Intransitive

Verb

3 2
S + TV + DO S + TV + IO + DO
Subject + Transitive Verb
Subject + Transitive Verb
+ Indirect Object + Direct
+ Direct Object
Object
4
S + TV + DO + OC
Subject + Transitive Verb
+ Direct Object + Object Sentence Patterns
Complement

5
S + LV + C

Subject + Linking Verb +

Complement
 A
A GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY OF
OF TERMS
TERMS ON
ON SENTENCE
SENTENCE PATTERNS
PATTERNS

A subject refers to what or whom the An indirect object is the object to whom or
S sentence is about (noun or pronoun). IO for whom the action is done.

An object complement always follows the

A transitive verb is a verb that always has a
TV noun/pronoun that receives its action. OC direct object, either describing or renaming
it.

An intransitive verb is an action verb that never A noun complement is a noun that follows
IV has a direct or indirect object. NC/C a functional linking verb.

A direct object receives the action of a transitive An adjective complement is an adjective

DO verb (answers the question “what?”). AC/C that follows a functional linking verb.
 SUBJECT + INTRANSITIVE VERB

The telephone rings loudly.

S IV

After their thesis defense, the students celebrated in the pastry shop.

S IV
 SUBJECT + TRANSITIVE VERB +
DIRECT OBJECT

The creative staff earns her first promotion.

S TV DO

The young girl pushes a wheelbarrow of hay along the way.

S TV DO
 SUBJECT + TRANSITIVE VERB +
INDIRECT OBJECT + DIRECT OBJECT

I wrote my Japanese boyfriend a lyrical poem.

S TV IO DO

Heeseung sent Sunoo a box of macaroons last week.

S TV IO DO
 SUBJECT + TRANSITIVE VERB +
DIRECT OBJECT + OBJECT
COMPLEMENT

Taehyung selected Hoseok creative assistant for the said project.

S TV DO OC

He named the Pomeranian puppy Yeontan.

S TV DO OC
 SUBJECT + LINKING VERB +
COMPLEMENT

Jake Sim is the newly elected council president.

S LV C (NC)

The croissant on the table appears delectable.

S LV C (AC)
SHORT ACTIVITY

INSTRUCTIONS: Read and analyze each sentence carefully, and identify each of
the sentence patterns they respectively adhere to. Choose from S + IV, S + TV + DO,
S + TV + IO + DO, S + TV + DO + OC, S + LV + C.

1) Marco stole the diamond necklace for his tuition fee payment.
2) Joy runs along the corridor to catch up to his Physical Science class.
3) The leftover sandwich smells awfully spoiled.
4) Hyunjin offers Felix a freelance job in the midst of this health crisis.
5) Carol nominates the current secretary executive director in their annual organizational
election.
 ANSWERS:

1. S + TV + DO
2. S + IV
3. S + LV + C
4. S + TV + IO + DO
5. S + TV + DO + OC
CHARACTERISTICS AND
PARTS OF A SENTENCE
 WHAT IS A SENTENCE?
 It is a group of words which expresses a complete idea or
thought.
 It has two parts: the subject and the predicate.
 SUBJECT AND PREDICATE

● A subject is a part of a sentence pertaining to what is being talked about in a sentence. It

can either be a noun, pronoun or noun phrase.
● A predicate is a part of a sentence which talks about the subject.

Examples:

Lourdes likes to put thin ham slices in her sandwich.

Mrs. Andales and the students collect donations for their projects.
 INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
CLAUSE vs
vs DEPENDENT
DEPENDENT
CLAUSE
CLAUSE

● A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb

● Also known as main clause, an independent clause expresses a complete thought and
can stand as a simple sentence.
● Also known as a subordinate clause, a dependent clause does not express complete
thought and depends on another clause to express complete thought. It always starts with
either a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun
TYPES OF SENTENCES
ACCORDING TO
STRUCTURE
 01

SIMPLE SENTENCE
It It is a type of sentence which consists of only one independent
clause containing a subject and a verb and it expresses complete
thought.
 EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE SENTENCES

• The cat chases the large rat. (simple subject and simple predicate)
• The lady and the servant were running down the street and were skipping across
the puddles. (compound subject and compound predicate)
• Ling transfers the box under the table and cleans the sink afterwards. (simple
subject and compound predicate)
• Amy and Joy approach the old woman cautiously. (compound subject and
simple predicate)
 02

COMPOUND SENTENCE
It is a type of sentence which consists of two or more independent
clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction.
 COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

● These are conjunctions that connect two equal parts of a sentence, especially two
independent clauses in a sentence.
● The most common ones are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
● They connect sweeping ideas together, forming cohesive, comprehensive ideas.
● A semicolon (;) can also be used as a coordinating conjunction
 FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS OF
OF COORDINATING
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTION FUNCTIONS
It explains a reason or purpose.
For
It adds one thing to another.
And
It is used to present an alternative negative idea to an already stated
Nor negative idea.

It shows contrast.
But

Or It presents an alternative or a choice.

It introduces a contrasting idea that follows the preceding idea logically.

Yet
It indicates result, effect or consequence.
So
 EXAMPLES

FOR
● I always message him every morning, for I do not want him to feel that he has no one to
lean on.
AND
● The reporter carefully climbed the steep slope, and the cameramen followed her.
NOR
● Neither the culprit escapes through the window nor he blends with a disguise in a group
of nurses.
 EXAMPLES

BUT
• Leon promised to come here before the sun sets, but he arrived ten minutes past
midnight.
OR
● Would you like to send the gift now or would you like to send it after Christmas break?
YET
● Pieces of garbage are scattered on the bridge yet passersby turns a cold shoulder towards
these.
SO
• I have not finished my assignments yet, so I drink three cups of coffee to keep me alert
and awake in making them now.
 03

COMPLEX SENTENCE
It is a type of sentence consisting of one independent clause and one
or more dependent clauses wherein both are connected by a
subordinating conjunction.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

● These are conjunctions that connect two unequal parts of a sentence, especially
independent clause and dependent clause
● Some common subordinating conjunctions are:
after whenever
until since
because although
though once
before whether
while while
unless that
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

● These are conjunctions that connect two unequal parts of a sentence, especially
independent clause and dependent clause
● Some common subordinating conjunctions are:
after whenever
until since
because although
though once
before whether
while while
unless that
 FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS OF
OF SUBORDINATING
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTION FUNCTIONS
because It shows cause and effect.

since It is used to introduce a cause or reason

until It indicates that an event only happens up to a certain point in time.

when It indicates that two events happen simultaneously.

whenever It indicates that when one event happens at any point, so does another.

while It indicates that two things happen simultaneously, emphasizing the

continuousness of an action
as It functions as an alternative to while
 FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS OF
OF SUBORDINATING
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTION FUNCTIONS
once It indicates that something that has only been true since the occurrence of
something else.
if It is used to set up a condition in a hypothetical situation.

as if It can be used to mean something like, “pretending something to be true.”

like It can be used as an alternative to “just as.”

unless It can be used to introduce an exception to a statement.

in case It can be used to mean something like “for the possibility that something
might happen”
whether It is a shortened form for “whether or not.”
 FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS OF
OF SUBORDINATING
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTION FUNCTIONS
although It means “despite of the fact that” or “regardless of the fact that.”

though It is an alternative to “although.”

as soon as It can be used to indicate that one event happened at the same time as or
directly after another event.

as long as It can be used to indicate that one thing only under the condition that the
other thing is true
before It is used to introduce the earlier event in a pair of events.

after It is used to introduce the later part in a pair of events

 EXAMPLES

BECAUSE
● I didn’t answer your messages because I was out of the country
SINCE
● I decided to bake cupcakes, since it was Marjorie’s birthday.
UNTIL
● We always do things together until he met Lisa, the woman he deeply fell in love with.
WHEN
● The teacher was writing on the board when the student fainted.
 EXAMPLES

WHENEVER
● Whenever I get home, my dog meets me at the doorway, enthusiastically wagging his
tail.
WHILE
● I went to the convenience store to buy an instant food while Rachel stayed at home to set
the fire in the stove.
AS
● As the sun starts to rise, the rooster positioned itself on top of the block to awaken the
dormant souls of the inhabitants.
ONCE
• You can go out of the room immediately once you are done administering the test to
the children.
 EXAMPLES

IF
● If I will be given a chance to be the president of our country for one term, I will first
address the prevailing problems in our education system.
AS IF
● She waves at me as if a misunderstanding did not happen last evening.
LIKE
● He spits the words at me like he no longer recognizes this face.
UNLESS
● Brie will never apply for that job unless you will accompany her during the interview.
 EXAMPLES

IN CASE
● In case Ms. Villarante will immediately file a maternity leave, Mr. Castro will substitute
her in her classes.
WHETHER
● I am quite worried whether he will be able to faithfully follow the itinerary
ALTHOUGH
● Although Daniel had inflicted a serious damage to my reputation, I can still forgive him.
THOUGH
● I will still return to retrieve the keys though I am no longer allowed to enter the house.
 EXAMPLES

IN CASE
● In case Ms. Villarante will immediately file a maternity leave, Mr. Castro will substitute
her in her classes.
WHETHER
● I am quite worried whether he will be able to faithfully follow the itinerary
ALTHOUGH
● Although Daniel had inflicted a serious damage to my reputation, I can still forgive him.
THOUGH
● I will still return to retrieve the keys though I am no longer allowed to enter the house.
 EXAMPLES

AS SOON AS
● As soon as my father leaves for work, you can already come here to get the book I
borrowed from you.
AS LONG AS
● I will stay with you as long as you will accept me for who I really am.
BEFORE
● You should leave the house before the clock ticks midnight.
THOUGH
● We will go to the beach after we buy some pork cracklings in the market.
 EXAMPLES

• While mom takes a vacation in her hometown, my brother invites his girlfriend over for we
will watch the latest episode of our favorite TV series, Sex Education.

• I contemplated about my past decisions and I smiled, remembering how I conquered my

negative thoughts when I realized how being alone can also be beautiful.
SHORT ACTIVITY

INSTRUCTIONS: Identify what type according to structure is each of the

following sentences.

1) Eren and Mikasa went to the park and dipped in the beach afterwards.
2) Although she earned the reputation of being the least desirable candidate, Annie really
gave the most logical answer to that question.
3) Niki arrived at the airport an hour before Yeonjun’s departure, but he left the ring he
was about to give him.
4) Although he is extremely sick, Jungwon still enters his class, and he is able to answer
the difficult questions in the examination.
5) Elena enters her brother’s room without even knocking the door.
 ANSWERS:

1. Simple
2. Complex
3. Compound
4. Compound-Complex
5. Simple
TYPES OF SENTENCES
ACCORDING TO USE
 01

DECLARATIVE SENTENCE

It simply makes a statement or expresses an opinion. In other words, it

makes a declaration. This kind of sentence ends with a period.
 EXAMPLES

• When I was a kid, I was too excited to grow up, but now, I just want to lay in bed all day.

• Korean pop music has already widened its patronage around the globe.
 02

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

It asks a question. This type of sentence often begins with who, what,
where, when, why, how, or do, and it ends with a question mark.
 EXAMPLES

• Do you know a place where we can unwind from all the heavy responsibilities without the
risk of drowning?

• Who are we going to call when danger suddenly comes?

 03

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

It gives a command or makes a request. It usually ends with a

period but can, under certain circumstances, end with  an exclamation
point.
 EXAMPLES

• Please consider accepting our application since this health crisis has taken a toll on
managing our finances.

• Turn right so you can find the hidden treasure.

 04

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE

It is a sentence that expresses great emotion such as excitement,

surprise, happiness and anger, and ends with an exclamation point.
 EXAMPLES

• You cannot just lead me into these intimate gestures, and tell me I am nothing to you!

• Stop annoying my sister!

SHORT ACTIVITY

INSTRUCTIONS: Identify what type according to use is each of the following

sentences.

1) Kindly proceed to the next counter to process your admission.

2) Life has always been a cycle of triumphs and downfalls.
3) I just cannot believe that I passed the comprehensive examination!
4) Where you able provide these children with writing instruments?
5) Fetch Riki from school after delivering these apples to the market.
 ANSWERS:

1. Imperative
2. Declarative
3. Exclamatory
4. Interrogative
5. Imperative
THANKS!

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including

icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik
 REFERENCES

Hewings, M. (2005). Advanced Grammar in Use (2nd Ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Zandvort, R. W. (1975). A Handbook of English Grammar (7th Ed.). Longman Group Limited.
https://www.time4writing.com/writing-resources/types-of-sentences-and-punctuation/
http://furman.weebly.com/uploads/5/1/7/6/5176248/diagramming.pdf