Ginkgo 01

Biloba
Chocolate
Drinks
by :
Adibah Adawiyah
Amy Rozitta
Fatihah Alya
Product overview 03
BOTANICAL IDENTITY
Scientific Name : Ginkgo biloba
Common name: Maidenhair tree (China)
Leaf type : Fan shaped leaves.
Leaf arrangement : Flat and irregularly notched, alternate
Leaf shape : Reniform
Stem : Woody
Flower : Long and yellow catkins
Fruit : Yellowish plumlike
Max high : 15-25 m (1)
Ginkgo Biloba
04 Quality Evaluation
Active Ingredient
Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (standardized) contain :
• 24–26% flavonoid glycosides,
• 5–7% terpene lactones
• less than 5 parts per million ginkgolic acids
Method for Identification

1. Organoleptic Characteristics
Flavor: Slightly bitter.
Aroma: Slight. (2)

2. Macroscopic Characteristics
Dark green to yellowish green; Leaves fan-shaped with tapering
cuneate base; Center of apex notched and dividing blade into
distinct lobes; Petiole long, with upper surface grooved. Leaf
surface glabrous without midrib and has wrinkled appearance. (2)
Method for Identification
3. Microscopic Characteristics
Stomate of Ginkgo biloba leaf with large
thick-walled guard cells viewed under 1000x
with Acidified Chloral Hydrate solution.
Stomate of Ginkgo biloba leaf has large thick-
walled guard cells [and] as well contains large
rosettes of Calcium Oxalate crystals. (3)
Calcium oxalate crystal, polarized, 200X in
glycerin:dionized water solution. Epidermis
has irregularly sinuous walls, often with
palisade parenchmya, stomata deeply sunken
surrounded by 6-8 subsidiary cells, various
sizes of calcium oxalate cluster crystals
abundant. (4)
Quality Assessment
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic
Identification

Lane Assignments Lane 1(3μl) Ginkgo biloba (leaf) (Vouchered Sample); Lane 2(3μl) Sophora

japonica (fruit); Lane 3(3μl) Ginkgo biloba (leaf); Lane 4(3μl) Ginkgo biloba (leaf); Lane
5(3μl) Ginkgo biloba (leaf); Lane 6(3μl) Ginkgo biloba (leaf) (USA); Lane 7(3μl) Ginkgo biloba (leaf)
(China) authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference
sources cited below held at Alkemists Pharmaceuticals, Costa Mesa, CA. (5)
Safety Evaluation 05
Method for Safety Evaluation :
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane databases, and
Ichushi for controlled trials of Ginkgo biloba for the treatment
dementia. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were extracted.
Meta-analysis results were expressed as standard mean differences
(SMDs) in scores of the Syndrome Kurztest (SKT), Alzheimer’s
Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) for
cognition efficacy, or odds ratios (ORs) for dropouts and adverse
drug reactions (6)
Safety Test

Microbiology test   •Salmonella spp. is negative. 

•For preparation of decoction: 
Aerobic bacteria-not more than 10/g 
Fungi not more than 10/g  
Enterobacteria and bacteria not more than 10/g 
Escherichia coli 0/g 

Foreign organic matter   •Twigs not more that 5%. 

•Foreign matter not more than 2%. 
Total ash   •Not more than 11%  

Pesticide residue   •Maximum residue limit of aldrin and dieldrin in Folium

Ginkgo is not more than 0.5 mg/kg. 
Safety Test

Radioactive residues   •Analysis of strontium-90, iodine-131, caesium-134,

caesium-137, and plutonium-239. 

Other purity test  •Acid-insoluble ash, acid-insoluble extractive, chemical,

and moisture tests to be established in accordance with
national requirements. 

Chemical assays   •Flavonoids not less than 0.5% calculated

as flavonol glycosides or 0.2–0.4% calculated as
aglycones also contains ginkgolides (0.06–0.23%) and
bilobalide (up to 0.26%). 

Heavy metals   •Lead and cadmium levels are not more than 10 and
0.3mg/kg. 
Toxicology
Animals :

Rats and Mice

Rats: 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg

Mice: 2000 mg/kg

Dose: 65.5

In vivo micronucleus assay was negative for male mice, whereas for female
mice the results were equivocal. Reported no carcinogenic effects in a 2-year
study in rats at dose levels of 4, 20, and 100 mg/kg
Thyroid gland weight of GBE-treated animals did not differ significantly from
controls (7)
Efficacy Evaluation
1.Treatment for cerebral insufficiency: 
06
•Dementia  
•Neuronal loss and impaired neurotransmission 
•Decline of intellectual function.  
 
2.Treatment for peripheral arterial occlusive disease: 
•Treatment of intermittent claudication was demonstrated in placebo controlled, double
blind clinical trial by a statistically significant increase in walking distance. 
 
3.Treatment for vertigo and tinnitus: 
•Treatment for inner ear disorders such as hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus  
•Cause of balance and ear problems. 
4.Treatment for diabetic retinopathy: 
•Can significantly improve measures of color vision in patients with early
diabetic retinopathy. 
 
5.Treatment for Glaucoma: 
•Reduce progression of damage to the visual field in patients with normal
tension glaucoma. 
 
6.Treatment for Premenstrual syndrome (PMS): 
•Produce significant relief in breast tenderness and other physical and
psychological symptoms associated with PMS when started during the 
16th day of the menstrual cycle and continued until the 5th day of the
following cycle for up to two cycles  (8)
 Conclusions
This product is proven safe because it has passed many safety tests which indicates the
main ingredient is safe.

It has high quality and great efficacy which can treat many health problem such as :

• cerebral insufficiency
• glaucoma and
• premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

It has a sweet taste and suitable for all types of ages from
5 years old
 References 15
1. https://landscapeontario.com/ginko-biloba-maidenhair-tree

2. Steven Yeager, Mountain Rose Herbs http://www.MountainRoseHerbs.com

3. Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com

4. Amy Brush, Traditional Medicinals http://www.traditionalmedicinals.com

5. Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com

6. https://jphcs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s4066666666t66780-015-0014-7

7. https://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedia_pub_fsf_149_01.html

8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/ginkgo