PROCLAMATION OF THE

PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE
 JUNE 12, 1898
 The Philippine declaration of Independence
occurred in Kawit, Cavite
 Spanish colonization lasted over 333 yearsc
INTRODUCTION Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio
Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and
independence of the Philippine Islands from the
colonial rule of Spain
HIGHLIGHTS:
◦ “… taking into consideration, that their inhabitants being already weary of bearing the ominous yoke of
Spanish domination, on account of the arbitrary arrests and harsh treatment practiced by the Civil Guard
to the extent of causing death with the connivance and even with the express orders of their commanders,
who sometimes went to the extreme of ordering the shooting of prisoners under the pretext that they were
attempting to escape, in violation of the provisions of the Regulations of their Corps, which abuses were
unpunished and on account of the unjust deportations, especially those decreed by General Blanco, of
eminent personages and of high social position, at the instigation of the Archbishop and friars interested
in keeping them out of the way for their own selfish and avaricious purpose, deportations which are
quickly brought about by a method of procedure more execrable than that of the Inquisition and which
every civilized nation rejects on account of a decision being rendered without a hearing of the persons
accused”
 JUSTIFICATION BEHIND THE
REVOLUTION AGAINST SPAIN

The Civil guards and the unlawful shooting of prisoners whom

they alleged as attempting to escape.

Unequal protection of law between the Filipino people and the

eminent personage

Unjust deportation and rendering of the decision without proper

hearing, expected of any civilized nation
 The documents narrates the spread of the movement like an electric spark through
different towns and provinces like Bataan, Pampanga, Batangas, Bulacan, Laguna,
and Morong .

Rizal’s execution calling it unjust. The execution was done to please the greedy body

BRIEF of friars int heir insatiable desire to seek revenge upon and exterminate all those who
are opposed to their Machiavelllian purposes, which tramples upon the penal code
prescribed for these islands.
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW OF Cavite mutiny of January 1872 that caused the infamous execution of the martyred
native priests Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zmora

PHILIPPINE
Don Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, in the town of Cavite Viejo (June 12 1898) declare
INDEPENDENCE and proclaim the Philippine Independence. Invokes the proclamation of
independence that would led under dictatorship of Emilio Aguinaldo

Explanation on the Philippine Flag that was first waved on the same day.
PARTS OF THE
PHILIPPINE FLAG
1. The White triangle represents the distinctive emblem of
famous Katipunan society, and derived from the symbol
of the Katipunan.
2. Three Stars represents the three islands of the
Archipelago
3. The Sun represents the gigantic strides (progress and
civilization)
4. The Eight Rays symbolizing the eight provinces (Manila,
Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan,
Laguna, and Batangas)
5. The Colors Blue, and Red represents peace, and courage
 ANALYSIS OF THE
PROCLAMATION OF THE
PHILIPPINE
INDEPENDENCE
◦ The declaration of independence reveal the historical truth about
this important event in Philippine history.
◦ The document reflects the general revolutionary sentiments of that
period, for example – the abuses like friar abuse, racial
discrimination, and inequality before the law.
◦ Philippine revolution historian, Teodoro Agoncillo stated that
Philippine Revolution was an agrarian revolution. HIGHLIGHTS:
◦ The Treaty of Paris Agreement (signed on December 10, 1898), six
months after the revolutionary government declared the Philippine
Independence. Philippines was sold to the U.S. at $20 million.
◦ The proclamation gives the impression on how the victorious
revolutionary government of Aguinaldo historicized the struggle
for independence.
TAKE NOTE:
◦ Official records and documents like the proclamation of independence, while truthful most of the time, still exude the politics
and biases of whoever is in power.
◦ This manifests in the selectiveness of information that can be found in these records.
◦ It is the task of the historian, thus, to analyze the content of these documents in relation to the dominant politics, and the
contexts of people and institutions surrounding it.