Chapter II

Energy and Work

23/11/19

1
• Energy “Capacity to do work”

• Unit - ?

• Work - ? (Cart)
• A man pushes a box across the floor by exerting a
force of 150 N on it in the direction of motion.

• Work is one way of transferring energy to an object

2
 Energy Conservation

Law of Conservation of Energy = Energy Conservation ?

3
Forms of Energy

4
• Heat (=Temperature?)

• Work

5
Suggestion

6
 Total Energy

• Total Energy = M.E.+T.E.+K.E.+P.E.+E.E.+M.E.

+C.E.+N.E.

• e = E/m

• Macroscopic Energy
• Microscopic Energy (Internal Energy)
7
 Mechanical Energy
• Kinetic Energy

• Potential Energy

8
 Total Energy

E = U + KE + PE = U + mV2/2 + mgz

What about Closed System?

9
Internal Energy
Sensible Energy

Latent Energy

10
 Forms of Energy
• Static (U)

• Dynamic (Heat or Work)

11
Organized Energy

12
 Mechanical Energy
• K.E. and P.E.

ex., Pump and Turbine

. Pressure Energy (Flow Energy)

13
 Contd…

Emech = P/ρ + K.E. + P.E.

14
 Energy Transfer by Heat
• Potato or Cold Soda
• Heat and Thermal Energy

Adiabatic Process

15
 Heat Transfer Mechanism

• Modes of Heat Transfer

16
Energy Transfer by Work

17
Sign Convention of Energy

18
 Facts about Energy
• Boundary Phenomenon

• System Possess energy but not heat or work

• Both are associated with process and not state

• Both are path function and not point function

19
Point and Path Function

20
Suggestion

21
 Suggestion

A well insulated electric oven is being heated through its heating

element. If the entire oven, including the heating element, is
taken to be the system, determine whether this is heat or work
interaction.

22
 Electrical work
• WE = VI

• WE = ʃ VI dt

• WE = VI ∆t

23
Mechanical Forms of Work

1) There must be a force acting on the boundary,

2) Boundary must move

24
Shaft Work

25
Spring Work

Wsp. = ?

F=?

26
W.D. to raise or to accelerate a
body

This discussion together with the consideration for friction

and losses form the basis for determining the required
power rating of motors used to drive devices such as

1) Elevators, escalators, conveyor belts.

2) Automotive Engine and Aircraft Engines.

3) Determination of Hydroelectric power

27
Thank you

E-mail ID :
mani2k72006@yahoo.co.in
28