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Kuliah II Persoalan Tegangan
Kuliah II Persoalan Tegangan
Persoalan Tegangan
Persoalan Tegangan Listrik
Electrical Network
Production Transmission Distribution Users
LV
HV MV
2
3 Phases System
U31
V3
U23
V1
V2
U12
U =V 3
3
Electrical Disturbances
low frequency, conducted
• Voltage variations
• Voltage Dips
• Amplitude • Interruptions
• Voltage Swells
• Wave Shape
• Flicker
• Frequency • Harmonics
• Symmetry • Inter harmonics
• Transients
• Frequency
• Unbalance
4
Voltage Variations
5
Voltage Dips
u
Ueff
100 %Un
90 ΔU = 30%
(depth)
70
t
ΔT = 112ms U
(durée) (amplitude)
t (ms)
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280
6
Interruptions
u
Ueff
100 %Un
ΔT = 83ms
t (duration)
1
t (ms)
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280
7
Dips, Swells and
Interruptions
8
Flicker
8,8Hz
9
Flicker
10
V
V 3% / 0,757
0,29% / 1052
10
Harmonics
+
= =
+ 1 3 5 n
11
Harmonics
12
Transients
13
Unbalance
U1 vIE IE
ZA
2vIE IE
vIE
UG = SA
U2 TU U M SK
(1-Phase-Load)
U3 =
14
Frequency Variation
15
Disturbances
Dips, Swell,
Interruptions Flicker
Harmonics Transients
Frequency
Unbalance Variation
16
Parameters
Parameters
Urms LV
Value
230V / 400V
Limits
+10% / -10%
Urms MV 20kV +7% / -7%
Frequency 50 Hz +2% / -2%
Wave shape Sinusoidal THD < 8% en BTA
Symmetry U U1=U2=U3 2%
17
Overview about the Power Quality
How to measure
IEC 61000-4-30
Testing and measurement techniques – Power Quality measurement methods
19
Measurement techniques
Continuity / Change
Permanent / Trigger
A/D FIFO
(4)
1 MHz 12-Bit T Transient
X
22
Measurement methods
23
Event recording
Acquisition Treatment Characterization
Measure
Detection Evaluation Classification
Analyze
Archive
Recording
24
• Derived from ½ cycles
(3.22 1cycle refreshed each 1/2cycle, 20msec)
25
Long term recording
Time aggregation
•10/12 cycle (200msec) at 50/60Hz, 150/180 cycles (3sec) at
50/60Hz, interval time varies with actual frequency
• 10min, 2h interval sync to clock (including defined algorithm
from cycle to time aggr.)
• Aggregations are performed using the square root of arithmetic
mean of squared input
• All are non-gapping, 150/180 aggregated out of 15x10/12; 2h out
of 12x10min
26
27
150
2h
28
29
Flagging (4.7)
30
31
32
Flicker (5.3)
33
34
35
YES
DFT output
harmonic
order n n+1 n+2 n+3
harmonic interharmonic
S group n+1 group n+2,5
NO
harmonic DFT output
order n n+1 n+2 n+3
36
• either derived from 10/12 cycle or
• interharmonic bin all below 3kHz
37
Where to measure
Compliance / Trouble
shouting
38
Amplitude
Transient
User
Network
Swells
Flicker
Dips
Instantaneou Momentary Temporary Long
s Interruptions
Duration
Duration
39
Measuring point
Statistics / Diagnostic
40
Multi-sites monitoring
41
Multi-sites monitoring
A lot of data :
• To transmit
• To analyze
42
Analysis
43
Embedded analysis
44
How to analyze
Overview / Details
45
Overview
46
Overview
47
Trends
Diagramme temporel
250
200
150
V o lt s
100
50
A Vrms
20
DEMO
15
10
A V P lt
48
Trends
49
Overview
50
Events
51
Classification
52
Details
53
Key points
To measure ALL the parameters at the same time
through differential inputs
To measure according IEC 61000-4-30 class A
Adapted trigger mode
Easy to configure
Automatic overview
54
Complete solution
55
Solution : DRANETZ BMI
Power Network Monitoring
Voltages Only Voltages + Currents Long Term Monitoring Short Term Monitoring
56
Selection
Power Network Monitoring
IEC 61000-4-30
Class A
Good Quality ? Sporadic
Disturbance
Permanent
Disturbance
Preventive
Maintenance Predictive
Maintenance
Voltages +
Voltages RMS Power Quality Voltages + Currents
Currents Trouble Shooting
(only)
RMS Analysis Waveform
Exchange
Low Speed Events High Speed Events
Point Statistics recording recording
EN50160
Power Visa
Instrument
Mobile
DranView
Short Term Monitoring
Installed
Solution
Fixed
Permanent Monitoring ENCORE SERIES
57