The document summarizes brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. It discusses that BCI allows direct communication between the human brain and an external device using electroencephalography (EEG) or other non-invasive methods. The document outlines some of the history of BCI research and experiments showing monkeys and humans able to control devices through thought alone. It also lists some potential applications of BCI such as communication tools, assistance for disabled individuals, robotics, and virtual reality. However, it notes there are also ethical concerns and risks of invasive methods creating scar tissue in the brain.
The document summarizes brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. It discusses that BCI allows direct communication between the human brain and an external device using electroencephalography (EEG) or other non-invasive methods. The document outlines some of the history of BCI research and experiments showing monkeys and humans able to control devices through thought alone. It also lists some potential applications of BCI such as communication tools, assistance for disabled individuals, robotics, and virtual reality. However, it notes there are also ethical concerns and risks of invasive methods creating scar tissue in the brain.
The document summarizes brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. It discusses that BCI allows direct communication between the human brain and an external device using electroencephalography (EEG) or other non-invasive methods. The document outlines some of the history of BCI research and experiments showing monkeys and humans able to control devices through thought alone. It also lists some potential applications of BCI such as communication tools, assistance for disabled individuals, robotics, and virtual reality. However, it notes there are also ethical concerns and risks of invasive methods creating scar tissue in the brain.
TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE Organization: • A brief introduction of BCI • Know your brain • How does BCI work? • Experiments and researches • Applications • Is it harmful? • Queries A Brief Introduction to BCI • BCI(Brain Computer Interface), often called Mind Machine Interface(MMI) or Direct Neural Interface(DNI).
• It is a technology to communicate human brain directly to a
computer or any communication device without any physical contact.
• The history starts with Hans Berger’s discovery of electrical activity
of human brain and EEG in 1924.
• The research on BCI began on 1970 at the University of California Los
Angeles. Know Your Brain •The human brain is divided into two parts: a. Cerebral cortex b. Subcortical regions.
•Research focused on Cerebral cortex system.
•Cerebral cortex is subdivided into two hemispheres :
a.Left hemisphere b.Right hemisphere How Does BCI Works?
• The BCI works on the principle of Electroencephalography
(EEG) and fNIRS (Functional near IR spectroscopy).
• There are two methods to interface brain with computer:
a. Invasive b. Non-invasive.
• Generally EEG is preferred for the experiment .
• EEG uses non-invasive method.
Figure: Invasive and Non-invasive method Figure(s): Working of BCI In 2002 Jens Naumann was successfully implanted artificial eyes Experiments and Researches • May 2008, Monkey operated a robotic arm by thinking in University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. University if Washington researchers have performed first brain to brain communication Applications 1. Communication: 2. Gift for handicapped or physically disabled people: 3. Robotics: 4. Virtual Reality: Is It Harmful? • Ethical issues.
• Invasive method can create scar tissue in the brain.