Brain Device Moves

Objects by Thought

ANZER AHMAR
ROLL NO. :- 06
 Brain Device Moves Objects by
Thought

• Brain Device (brain-machine interface)

is a new technology which can let
human to control electronic devices
without lifting a finger.
• It simply reads brain activity.
How it is possible to
read Brain Thought
The brain-machine interface
analyzes slight changes in the
brain's blood flow and translates
brain motion into electric signals.
By measuring blood flow in the brain,
researchers can turn thoughts into
actions
Types of Brain-machine interface

• There are two types of brain-machine

interface

• Non-invasive
• Invasive
 Non-invasive Brain-machine interface
• This brain-machine interface works on
technology called optical topography,
which sends a small amount of
infrared light through the brain's
surface to map out changes in blood
flow.
• A key advantage to this technology is
that sensors don't have to physically
enter the brain.
• A cap connects by optical fibers to a
mapping device, which links working
• Hitachi has sold a device based on
optical topography that monitors brain
activity in paralyzed patients so they
can answer simple questions.
for example, by doing mental
calculations to indicate "yes" or
thinking of nothing in particular
to indicate "no."
 Challenges :

• Size is one issue, though Hitachi has

developed a prototype compact
headband and mapping machine that
together weight only about two pounds.
• Another would be to tweak the interface
to more accurately pick up on the
correct signals while ignoring
background brain activity.
• With over 100 tiny metal electrodes, the
berlin brain computer interface is the most
advanced non-invasive system in the world
Invasive Brain-machine
interface

This technologies was developed by U.S.

companies like Neural Signals Inc.
required implanting a chip under the
skull.
• A paralysed man in the US has
become the first person to benefit
from a brain chip that reads his
mind.
• Matthew Nagle, 25, was left paralysed
from the neck down and confined to a
wheelchair after a knife attack in 2001.
• The brain chip reads his mind and
sends the thoughts to a computer to
decipher
• Recently four people, two of them
partly paralysed wheelchair users,
were able to move a computer cursor
while wearing a cap with 64
electrodes that pick up brain waves.
• Mr. Nagle's device, called Brain Gate,
consists of nearly 100 hair-thin
electrodes implanted a millimetre
deep into part of the motor cortex of
his brain that controls movement .
• A team of scientists inserted the
device, called a neuromotor
prosthesis (NMP or Brain Gate), into
an area of the brain known as the
motor cortex which is responsible for
voluntary movement.
• The NMP comprises an internal
sensor that detects brain cell
activity, and external processors that
convert the activity into signals that
can be recognised by a computer.
• A company called Cyberkinetics
Neurotechnology Systems created the
BrainGate device.  Professors and
students at Brown University formed
Cyberkinetics in two thousand one. 
They based their work on research
developed in the laboratory of
neuroscientist John Donoghue
See how the system works
• Although the patient's spinal cord
had been severed for three years by
the time of the trial, the scientists
found that brain cell activity - or
neural firing patterns - persisted in
the patient's motor cortex.
• The electrodes in the NMP were able
to record this activity and send it to a
computer. The computer then
translated the firing patterns into
movement commands which could
drive computer controls or artificial
• BrainGate is made up of a sensor,
which is implanted in the brain and
attached to neurons. The
upper left image shows the device that
attaches to the implant on the outside
of the brain. The white box is about the
size of a VHS tape and contains
software that digitizes the signals
coming from the neurons. The image
labeled "cart" depicts the computer
system that interprets the digital code.
In the futuristic vision of the Wachowski brothers' movie
trilogy "The Matrix," humans dive into a virtual world by
connecting their brains directly to a computer……
Real story 1: Monkey think,
Robot Do
>> Monkey control robot arm
by mind
From EEG feature to 1D/binary
control

Brain Signal Translation / Classification

Control device
Neuron Spike based BMI (Brain Machine
Interface)

• high speed real time control

• precise control of movement
•invasive
•high risk for clinical
application

•Brain to Action
• Sensation Brain
BCI
140
is becoming a big wave
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Area of implementation:-
• Medical science

• Robotics
Future implementation :-
• Researches are
going on for
brain-to-brain
communication
 Thank you

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