Technical Seminar

On

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing

Under the Guidance of: Presented By:

Mr. BASAVARAJ POOJA
Assistant Professor 4DM19CS036
Dept. of CSE

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing

 ABSTRACT
• The recently evolved research on Neuromorphic computing which is considered as the
hardware acceleration of brain-inspired computing, which has been one of the best
adaptable Intelligence and is being widely used in various areas of applications ranging
from basic neuroscience research, to pattern recognition and artificial intelligence.
• The technology is moving back to our roots to solve one of our biggest challenges that
human beings face today which is the volume of data that produced and the insane and
incurable disease people suffer from, and also to solve the next challenge is speed at which
the data is processed.
• In every process human beings follow is progressing towards digital, hence there is a urge
for humans to process this huge data in themselves and that’s the reason human being
requires a technology that enhances our brain to process this data and which is why there is
a research done on brain chip interface which will enhance the cognitive ability of brain and
can also be used in health issues such as for people who suffer from neurological diseases
like paralyzed, stroke, epilepsy.

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing

 CONTENTS
• Introduction

• Brain Chip

• Block Diagram of a BCI

• Brain Gate

• BCI Research on Animals

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

• Conclusion

• References
Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing
 INTRODUCTION
• An attempt to replicate computers as human brain has been one of the key challenges to
extend the overall performance of computing that one has been able to achieve so far.
Neuromorphic computing involves designing and engineering computer chips that uses the
same physics of computation used by human brain neurons.
• Brain chip technology is a technology which involves communication based on neural
activity generated by the brain.
• Brain implants enhances capability of human organs and senses, and are usually placed on
the surface of the brain, or attached to the brain’s cortex.
• Brain chip technology implements the Brain Computer Interface(BCI). Brain Computer
Interface is a technology which allows a human to control a computer, peripheral, or other
electronic device with thougts.
• Individuals with severe disabilities face challenges performing normal every-day tasks,
with the help of this technology could conveivably alleviate many difficulties associated
with physical handicaps.
Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing
 BRAIN CHIP
• The chip Neuralink is about the size of a coin, and
would be surgically inserted into the brain using
robotics by neurosurgeons. In this procedure, a
chipset called the link is implanted in the skull.
• Brain gate is a brain implant system or a device
that was designed by to help those who have lost
control of their limbs or other bodily functions.
• A chip in the brain gate system is 100 thin hair
electrodes and it senses electromagnetic signature
of neurons.
• It provides fast and reliable connection between
the brain and the personal computer.

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing

 ELECTRONCEPHALOGRAPHY(EEG)

• Electroencephalography (EEG) is
a device which records each and
every single activity of the brain
through electrical signals which
is sent by the nerve cells of
brain. They record each and
every pattern and image of all
neural connections and sends
back to the computer via the
chip.

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing

Elementary part of a Brain chip
• The Pedestal with a chip: The pedestal is 2 cm in which a
4mm micro electrode array (brain chip) is connected to it.
Here the image is of the pedestal with a chip.It records all
the electric pulses of brain nerve cells and transfers it to a
signal amplifier.
• Neural Signal Interpreter: It converts all the brain signals
to the digital signals and then sends it to computer so it can
also convert digital signals into the brain signals.
• The computer: It learns all the patterns made by the
nervecells of each particular activity that human brain does
with the help of digital signals send by the neural signal
interpreter.

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing

 BRAIN GATE
• Brain gate system uses sensors which is implanted into
brain activity in the patients and converts the intention of
the user into computer commands.
• The brain chip can be implanted in the human brain.
Theextension wire of chip is connected to pedestal
connector that records all the patterns made by neural
connections that controls all the activities of brain. Then
this connector sends all the signals to neural signal
interpreter through fiber opticcable.
• The neural signal interpreter then converts the brain
signals into digital signals and then sends it to computer.
The computer mimics all the functions of brain activities
and then sends it to the prostatic device which helps all
the patients to do all the movements just by the thoughts
of the patient’s brain.
Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing
BCI BLOCK DIAGRAM

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing

 BCI RESEARCH ON ANIMALS
• These chips can be used for the animals like
dog, rat, sharks etc. for military rescue
missions. DARPA to neural implants in
sharks. The shark’s unique sensors can make
use of these implants providing the data in the
relation to the enemy ship movement or under
water explosives.
• Simply pressing keys on a computer 500m
away will then steer the animal over an
obstacle course, making it twist, turn and even
jump on demand. The researchers responsible
for this “Robo Rat” claim their work will give
neuroscientists a better understanding of how
mammals learned to navigate.

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing

 ADVANTAGES
• Smart Technology: One of the biggest reasons why Brain Chip Interface is
deemed as advanced technology because it can make previously passive devices
into a smart and activeones. An example of such devices is “prosthetics”. For
instance, a prosthetics user can use this technology to hold a glass of water and
drink using it just like using natural hands. Likewise, deaf and dumb people who
want to communicate with each other can do so by utilizing this technology
usingBrain Chip Interface controlled communication devices.
• Telepresence: Tele-presence is a technology that gives theability to someone to
make their presence felt, at a remotelocation, with the help of tele-robotics.
Telepresence, with the incorporation of Brain Chips Interface, can give military
personnel the ability to keep an eye on any suspicious activity that might take
place at the border. Telepresence can thus detect any suspicious activity and help
combat it.

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing

 DISADVANTAGE
• Inaccuracy of results: The brain is a highly complex organ. Sometimes we ourselves
are unable to understand what goes on in our minds. So, it is unfair to expect man-
made Brain Chip Interface to correctly interpret all our brain signals. Brain Chip
Interface can, sometimes, misinterpret the user’s intentions.
• Bulk nature of the system: Since the Brain Chip Interface system involves the
connection of several wires due to the interfacing between the brain and the
computer, it can often result in an extremely uncomfortable user experience. This
bulky nature of the Brain Chip Interface system, thereby, acts as one of the major
cons of Brain Chip Interface technology.
• Lack of security: Brain Chips Interface technology, the security of your data cannot
be guaranteed. Due to the computerized system, anyone may actually decode what is
going on in your mind and thus conquer your privacy.

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing

 CONCLUSION
• The invention of brain chip implant technology is an aid for patients with
the neurological diseases and its revolution in the field of engineering
and neuro science. Brain chip technology involves communication based
on neural activity of the brain. The results are spectacularly wonderful
and unbelievable. It will be effective for restoring limbs function of
patients. Rehabilitations for patients. The advantage of brain chips with
nano technology will allow the researchers for smaller and superior chips
making brain chips technology less burdens some and more reliable
option for people

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing

 REFERENCES
1. K. Anirudh Bharadwaj,”Emergence of Neuromorphic Chips to simulate Human Brain” IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1-7281-

0167-5 ,2020.

2. Min Chen, Francisco Herrera, Kai Hwang , “Cognitive Computing: Architecture, Technologies and Intelligent Applications”,

IEEE Access, Special Section on Human-Centered Smart Systems and Technologies, Vol 6, 2018, pp. 19774 – 19783, DOI:

10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2791469.

3. A. P. Haring and B. N. Johnson, “Brain-on-a-chip systems for modeling disease pathogenesis,” in Organ-on-a-Chip, edited by

J. Hoeng, D. Bovard, and M. C. Peitsch (Academic Press, 2020), Chap. 6, pp. 215–232.

4. Y. Zhao, U. Demirci, Y. Chen, and P. Chen, “Multiscale brain research on a microfluidic chip,” Lab Chip 20, 1531–1543

(2020).

5. Ben M. Maoz, “Brain-on-a-Chip: Characterizing the next generation of advanced in vitro platforms for modeling the central

nervous system” APL Bioeng. 5, 030902 (2021).

Brain Chip- Neuromorphic Computing