Department of Computer Science Engineering

SRK Institute of Technology

Vijayawada
 Blu-ray Disc

Media type High-density

optical disc
Encoding MPEG-2,
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC,
and VC-1
Capacity 25 GB (single layer)
50 GB (dual layer)
Read mechanism 405 nm laser:
1× at 36 Mbit/s
2× at 72 Mbit/s
4× at 144 Mbit/s
6× at 216 Mbit/s
12× at 432 Mbit/s
Developed by
Blu-ray Disc Associati
on
Usage Data storage,
High-definition video
High-definition audio
and PlayStation 3
games
Blu-ray Disc (also known as Blu-ray or BD) is an
optical disc storage media format. Its main uses are
high-definition video and data storage. The disc has
the same dimensions as a standard DVD or CD
The name Blu-ray Disc is derived from
the blue laser (violet coloured) used to read and
write this type of disc. Because of its shorter
wavelength (405 nm), substantially more data can
be stored on a Blu-ray Disc than on the DVD
format, which uses a red (650 nm) laser. A dual
layer Blu-ray Disc can store 50 GB, almost six times
the capacity of a dual layer DVD
Contents

1 History
o
1.1 Origins
o
1.2 Competition from HD D
VD


2 Technical specifications
o
2.1 Laser and optics
o
2.2 Hard-coating technology
o
2.3 Recording speed

3 Software standards
o
3.1 Codecs
o
3.2 Java software support

4 Player profiles

5 Backward compatibility

6 Variants
o
6.1 Mini Blu-ray Disc
 Optical disc authoring
v • d • e

Optical disc


Optical disc image



Optical disc drive



Optical disc authoring



Authoring software


Recording technologies


o
Recording modes
o
Packet writing
Optical media types

Laserdisc (LD), Video Single Disc (VSD)



Compact Disc (CD): Red Book, 5.1 Music Disc, SACD, Photo CD, CD-R, CD-ROM, CD-RW, CD Video


(CDV), Video CD (VCD), SVCD, CD+G, CD-Text, CD-ROM XA, CD-i

Mini Disc (MD) (Hi-MD)


DVD: DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-R DL, DVD+R DL, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RW DL, DVD+RW DL,


DVD-RAM, DVD-D
Ultra Density Optical (UDO)


Universal Media Disc (UMD)



HD DVD: HD DVD-R, HD DVD-RW, HD DVD-RAM, HD DVD-ROM



Blu-ray Disc (BD): BD-R, BD-RE



Standards

Rainbow Books


File systems


o
ISO 9660

Joliet

Rock Ridge

El Torito

Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
o
Universal Disk Format (ISO 9660) (UDF)

Mount Rainier
Further reading

History of optical storage media



High definition optical disc format war


A blank rewritable Blu-ray Disc (BD-
RE)
Sony started two projects applying the new
diodes: UDO (Ultra Density Optical) and DVR
Blue (together with Pioneer), a format of
rewritable discs which would eventually
become Blu-ray Disc (more specifically, BD-
RE).
The first consumer devices were in
stores on April 10, 2003. This device was the
Sony BDZ-S77; a BD-RE recorder that was
made available only in Japan. The
recommended price was US$3800
The Blu-ray Disc physical specifications were finished in
2004. In January 2005, TDK announced that they had
developed a hard coating polymer for Blu-ray Discs . At
the request of the initial hardware manufacturers,
including Toshiba, Pioneer and Samsung, an interim
standard was published which did not include some
features, like managed copy.
HD DVD had a head start in the high definition video market and
Blu-ray Disc sales were slow at first. The first Blu-ray Disc
player was perceived as expensive and buggy, and there were
few titles available. This changed when PlayStation 3 launched,
since every PS3 unit also functioned as a Blu-ray Disc player. At
CES 2007 Warner proposed Total Hi Def which was a hybrid disc
containing Blu-ray on one side and HD DVD on the other but it
was never released. By January 2007, Blu-ray discs had outsold
HD DVDs and during the first three quarters of 2007, BD outsold
HD DVDs by about two to one. Finally, by February 2008,
Toshiba announced it was pulling its support for the HD DVD
format, leaving Blu Ray as the victor in the video wars.
 Physical size Single layer power Dual layer capacity

12 cm, single sided 25 GB (23.28 GiB) 50 GB (46.56 GiB)

 8 cm, single sided 7.8 GB (7.26 GiB) 15.6 GB (14.53 GiB)

Blu-ray Disc uses a "blue" (technically violet) laser
operating at a wavelength of 405 nm to read and write
data. Conventional DVDs and CDs use red and near
infrared lasers at 650 nm and 780 nm respectively.
The blue-violet laser's shorter wavelength
makes it possible to store more information on a 12 cm
CD/DVD sized disc. The minimum "spot size" on which
a laser can be focused is limited by diffraction, and
depends on the wavelength of the light and the
numerical aperture of the lens used to focus it. By
decreasing the wavelength, increasing the numerical
aperture from 0.60 to 0.85 and making the cover layer
thinner to avoid unwanted optical effects.
Because the Blu-ray Disc data layer is closer to the
surface of the disc, compared to the DVD standard,
it was at first more vulnerable to scratches . TDK
was the first company to develop a working scratch
protection coating for Blu-ray Discs. It was named
Durabis. In addition, both Sony and Panasonic's
replication methods include proprietary hard-coat
technologies. Sony's rewritable media are spin-
coated with a scratch-resistant and antistatic
coating.
Drive Write time for Blu - ray Disc
Data rate
speed (minutes)
Mbit MB/
Single Layer Dual Layer
/s s
1× 36 4.5 90 180
2× 72 9 45 90
4× 144 18 23 45
6× 216 27 15 30
8× 288 36 12 23
12×* 432 54 8 15
Codecs are compression schemes that store audio
and video more efficiently, either giving longer play
time or higher quality per megabyte. There are both
lossy and lossless compression techniques.
For video, all players are required to
support MPEG-2, H.264/AVC, and SMPTE VC-1. MPEG-
2 is the codec used on regular DVDs. . Discs encoded
in MPEG-2 video typically limit content producers to
around two hours of high-definition content on a
single-layer (25 GB) BD-ROM.
At the 2005 Java one trade show, it was
announced that Sun Microsystems Java
cross-platform software environment
would be included in all Blu-ray Disc
players as a mandatory part of the
standard. Java is used to implement
interactive menus on Blu-ray Discs, as
opposed to the method used on DVD
video discs, which uses pre-rendered
MPEG segments and selectable subtitle
pictures, which is considerably more
primitive and less seamless.
The BD-ROM specification defines
four Blu-ray Disc player profiles
which includes an audio only player
profile (BD-Audio) that does not
require video decoding or BD-J.All
three of the video based player
profiles (BD-Video) are required to
have a full implementation of BD-J,
but with varying levels of hardware
support.
 BD-Video
BD-Audio

Feature Grace Period Bonus View BD-Live

Profile 3.0 Profile 1.0 Profile 1.1 Profile 2.0

Built-in persistent
No 64 KB 64 KB 64 KB
memory

Local storage capability No Optional 256 MB 1 GB

Secondary video
No Optional Mandatory Mandatory
decoder (PiP)
Secondary audio
No Optional Mandatory Mandatory
decoder

Virtual file system No Optional Mandatory Mandatory

Internet connection
No No No Mandatory
capability
Though not compulsory the
Blu-ray Disc Association
recommends that Blu-ray Disc
drives should be capable of
reading standard DVDs and
CDs for backward compatibility
A few early Blu-ray Disc
players released in 2006 could
play DVDs but not CDs (the LG
BH100, Pioneer BDP-HD1, and
Sony BDP-S1) but all current
Blu-ray Disc players are
capable of both DVD and CD
playback.
The Mini Blu-ray Disc (also, Mini-BD and Mini Blu-
ray) is a compact 8cm (~3in) diameter variant of the
Blu-ray Disc that can store approximately 7.5 GB of
data. It is similar in concept to the MiniDVD.
Recordable (BD-R) and rewritable (BD-RE) versions
of Mini Blu-ray Disc have been developed
specifically for compact camcorders and other
compact recording devices.