Cardiovascular and Respiratory

Diseases and How to Take Care of

them
 Part 1

Diseases of the Cardiovascular and

Respiratory System
 Cardiovascular Diseases

⮚ General term for conditions affecting the heart, blood, or the blood vessels.
⮚ These diseases are on the rise and belong to the top 5 leading cause of
mortality (death) in the country.
Common cardiovascular diseases in the Philippines

Angina pectoris Leukemia

Atherosclerosis Hypertension

Stroke Myocardial infarction

Anemia Valvular heart disease

 Angina pectoris ❖ “chest pain,” a symptom similar o heart
attack, except that it is mild.
❖ Pain which occurs during muscle exertion,
that arises from the heart and to the left
arm and shoulder.
❖ This usually happens because one or more
of the heart's arteries is narrowed or
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❖ Forewarns that there is an inadequate
supply of oxygen of in the heart.
 Atherosclerosis

❖Caused by the accumulation of fatty

substances and cholesterol in the
arteries, which may result in vascular
resistance and decreased blood flow.
❖Can restrict blood flow.
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 Stroke ❖Caused by interference in the supply
of blood to the brain.
❖May caused by a blood clot in the
blood vessels of the brain or by
atherosclerosis
❖It effect on the body depends on the
degree and point of damage in the
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Heart Attack (Myocardial infarction)
❖ Caused by insufficient blood supply to one
or more parts of the heart muscles, which
results to the death of cells.
❖ May caused by a blood clot in the blood
vessels of the brain or by atherosclerosis
❖ Symptoms: pain at the center of chest
radiating towards the shoulders, left arm,
and jaw, the feeling of “Impending
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 Anemia
❖ Condition in which you lack enough healthy red
blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your
body's tissues.
❖ Having anemia can make you feel tired and weak.
❖ Symptoms: Fatigue, pale skin, irregular heartbeat,
chest pain, dizziness, cold feet and hands, and
headache

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 Leukemia
❖ Cancer of the bone marrow that produces white
blood cells.
❖ The production of WBC becomes
uncontrollable and increases in number than
RBC.
❖ No known cures for leukemia
❖ Symptoms: fever, weakness, frequent infections,
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 Hypertension

❖ Known as high blood pressure (HBP)

❖ A long-term medical condition in which the blood
pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
❖ Common factors that can lead to high blood
pressure include: A diet high in salt, fat, and/or
cholesterol.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F
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Valvular heart disease

❖ Caused by damage in one of the four heart valves.

❖ Hardened valves prevent blood flow by failing to
open fully or close completely.
❖ Signs: shortness of breath, wheezing, and swelling
of feet and hands, palpitations, fatigue, and rapid
weight gain.

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 Respiratory Diseases

A type of disease that affects the lungs and other parts of the respiratory
system. Respiratory diseases may be caused by infection, by smoking
tobacco, or by breathing in secondhand tobacco smoke, radon, asbestos, or
other forms of air pollution. Respiratory diseases include asthma, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, and
lung cancer. Also called lung disorder and pulmonary disease.
Common respiratory diseases in the Philippines

Asthma Tuberculosis

Pneumonia Common cold

Emphysema Influenza

Lung cancer Bronchitis

Carbon monoxide poisoning SARS-CoV-2

 Asthma

❖ Respiratory disease in which certain airways in the

lungs could be constricted due to sensitivity to a
stimulus
❖ Symptoms: prolonged exhalation, breathlessness,
wheezing

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 Pneumonia

❖ Swelling of tissues in one or both of the lungs.

❖ Usually caused by a bacterium, but it may also
develop due to complication caused by viral
infections like chickenpox and measles
❖ Symptoms: cough with yellow, green or bloody
sputum, fever and chills, chest pain, and rapid
breathing
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F
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 Emphysema

❖ Occurs when the alveoli in lungs are destroyed.

❖ Turns the alveoli into large, irregular pockets with
holes in the inner walls.
❖ Reduces the surface area of the lungs
❖ Main cause is exposure to irritants like cigarette
smoking and air pollution
❖ Symptoms: shortness in breath, fast heartbeat,
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 Lung cancer

❖ Cancer that develops in the lungs.

❖ Typically start in the cells lining of the bronchi and
parts of the lungs such as bronchioles or alveoli.

❖ Symptoms: nagging cough, shortness of breath,

chest pain, hoarseness, and weight loss.

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 Carbon monoxide poisoning

❖ Results from inhalation of carbon monoxide

❖ CO is formed by the incomplete burning of the
carbon in the fuels such as gasoline and coal.
❖ When inhaled, it combines with hemoglobin.
❖ When this happens, the blood will not be able to
carry the oxygen to the cells, resulting to
asphyxiation.
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 Tuberculosis

❖ Caused by a bacterium called mycobacterium

tuberculosis
❖ Spreads from one person to another through
coughs and sneezes
❖ Active tuberculosis takes several months of
continuous medication to prevent the
development of antibiotic resistance.
❖ Symptoms: coughing blood, fatigue, fever, weight
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 Common cold

❖ Most common upper respiratory tract infections

❖ Caused by a virus called RHINOVIRUS
❖ Symptoms: sneezing, cough, nasal stuffiness.
“runny nose” (rhinorrhea), and sore throat

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 Influenza

❖ “flu”
❖ Caused by a viral infection known as “Influenza A
and Influenza B”
❖ Can be dangerous to infants, older adults, and
people with chronic diseases
❖ Symptoms: fever, body ache, chills, headache,
muscle pain, fatigue, and runny nose.
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 Bronchitis

❖ Inflammation of the bronchi or bronchioles.

❖ Symptoms: nagging cough, shortness of breath,
chest pain, hoarseness, and weight loss.

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 SARS-CoV-2
❖  Infectious disease caused by a newly discovered
coronavirus.
❖  Mainly transmitted through droplets generated
when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or
exhales. These droplets are too heavy to hang in
the air, and quickly fall on floors or surfaces.
❖ Symptoms:
❖ Most common: fever, dry cough, tiredness
❖ Less common: aches and pains, sore throat,
diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache, loss of taste or
smell, rashes on skin
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 How to take care
of your Cardio-
Part 2
respiratory
System
 Detection

❖Some diagnostic tools are used to detect circulatory and respiratory

diseases. The following are the tools used:
❖ Chest X-ray: noninvasive and painless diagnosis of respiratory and
circulatory ailments.
❖ Creates a picture of the structures inside your chest like lungs, heart,
and blood vessels
❖ Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan: provides cross-sectional views of
the internal organs that give more information than X-ray.
❖ Blood Pressure Test: measures the pressure in your arteries as your heart
pumps blood into them.
 Detection
❖ Complete Blood Count: used to evaluate overall health and to detect a wide
range of disorders.
❖ Measures several components of the blood like RBC, WBC, platelets, hemoglobin,
and hematocrit.
❖ Electrocardiogram (ECG): records electric signals as they travel to your heart
❖ Echocardiogram: uses sound waves to produce images of the heart
❖ Shows how heart beats and pumps blood
❖ Cardiac Catheterization: procedure to diagnose and treat circulatory
ailments.
 Prevention

❖ Smoking leads to the development of respiratory

ailments. People who smoke die earlier than those
who don’t smoke.

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 Avoid passive smoking.

❖ Avoid passive or secondhand smoking.

❖ Has harmful effects in the respiratory system since
cigarettes have many chemicals that can damage your
respiratory tract and arteries.
❖ Avoid smoking areas.
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 Avoid respiratory irritants

❖ Respiratory irritants includes fumes from cars, certain

perfumes, dust, animals fur, and pollens.
❖ If you have asthma, these irritants may trigger it.
❖ Cover your nose in places that are polluted and have
respiratory irritants.
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 Exercise regularly

❖ Exercise helps increase your lung capacity and

improve your heart muscle
❖ Helps to maintain a healthy weight that prevents from
high risk of heart disease.

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 Protect yourself from cold air.

❖ Can cause contractions in the bronchial passages,

making it difficult to breath.
❖ Wear a scarf or mask to cover mouth and nose to
warm air that enters the body.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F
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 Keep healthy diet

❖ Avoid too much saturated fats and cholesterol in your

diet as these will narrow the arteries.
❖ Control your salt because it can raise high blood
pressure.
❖ Eat lean meat, beans, fish, plenty of fruits, vegetables,
and food rich in iron.
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 Avoid respiratory infections

❖ Avoid people who have cold or flu.

❖ Always wash your hands and carry a small
bottle of alcohol to kill germs.
❖ Get vaccinated

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 Control stress

❖ To reduce the risk of heart problems,

reduce stress.
❖ Find healthy ways to minimize or deal with
stressful activities.

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