Tools and

Machines
 Tools and Machines Hazards

• Crushed by or pulled into equipment

• Contact with moving parts
• Contact with debris, particles, or components
• Defective tools
• Bad electrical wiring
• Misuse of equipment
• Not wearing PPE
 Incidents Causes

• Reaching in
• Unauthorized personnel
• Lack of Training
• Misuse of equipment
• Missing guards and/or other safety measures
• Forgetting to use a Lockout/Tagout
 Consequences

• Bruises, Sprains, Strains

• Amputations and Lacerations
• Entanglement
• Equipment damage
• Shock
• Fatal Injuries
 Main Areas of Machines

• Point of operation: Location of where the work is being done

• Power Transmission Device: Energy transferred to the machine to conduct
operations
• Controls: Devices used to control operations and tasks
• Other Moving Parts: Every part of the machine that moves during operations.
 Motions and Actions

• Rotation: Machine can catch clothing, hair, body parts toward danger
• Transverse: Motion can catch person into a pinch or shear point
• Reciprocation: Back and forth motion can place someone between moving and
stationary object
• Cutting: Injury can occur from cutting tool, debris
• Shearing, Bending, Punching: Hazard at point of operation
Rotation
Transverse
Reciprocation
Cutting
Shearing
Bending
Punching
 Major Methods for Safeguarding

• Guards
• Devices
• Location
• Automatic/Semiautomatic Feed or Ejection
 Guards

• Physical Barriers that prevent human contact, and enclose parts

• Fixed Guard: Secured barriers
• Interlocked: Turns power off when the guard is removed
• Adjustable: Manually moved barrier to fit workpiece or operation
• Self-Adjusting: Automatically moves during operation
 Fixed Guards

Advantages Disadvantages
• Max Protection • Poor Visibility
• Low cost and maintenance • Must be removed for repairs
• Can be used in many applications
Fixed Guard
 Interlocked Guards

Advantage Disadvantage
• Max Protection • High Cost
• Easily removeable for maintenance • Designs can be simple, employee
can override
Interlocked Guard
 Adjustable Guards

Advantage Disadvantage
• Versatility • Easy Access
• Adjustable for operations • Frequent maintenance
• Not as protective, can be ineffective
Adjustable Guards
 Self Adjusting Guards

Advantage Disadvantage
• Available commercially • Not always safe
• Employee not involved • Frequent maintenance
Self Adjusting Guards
 Devices

• Attachments that prevent access by employees to unsafe areas when used

properly
• Presence Sensing: Photoelectric, Radio, Electromechanical
• Safety Controls: Two hand control, Safety trip control
• Gates
 Presence Sensing

Advantage
• Adjustable for operation
• Easy access for maintenance and
loading/unloading
Disadvantage
• Careful maintenance
• Does not protect user
• Can be made ineffective
• Limited to certain machines
Presence Sensing
 Two-Hand Control

Advantages Disadvantage
• Protects Operator at a safe distance • Operator can make device
• Operator can pick up parts after ineffective
cycles • Operator only protected
• Effective with partial cyclic
machines
Two-Hand Control
 Safety Tripwire

Advantage Disadvantage
• Simple to use • Must be manually activated
• May be difficult to activate due to
location
Safety Tripwire
Gate

Advantage Disadvantage
• Provides great protection • Frequent maintenance and
• Won’t operate until fully closed Inspection
• Can interfere with Operator
Gate
Location and Distance

• Placing parts in out of reach areas can be an effective way to safeguard

machines
• Using walls, rooms can be enough to protect operator
Automatic/Semiautomatic Feed or Ejection

• Does not require operator to place hands in danger area

• Operator is not needed after the machine starts.
• Reduces the operator exposure and effort involved
Automatic/Semiautomatic Feed
 Other Aids for Guarding

• Awareness Barriers: Alerts users from hazards by

means of labels, signs, visual or audible signals.
• Shields: Protects operator from particles, fluids,
chemicals, etc. Does not completely protect from
hazards.
• Hand-Feeding Tools: Not to be used as substitute for
other machines, but allow user to place and remove
material in the work area
• Robots: Versatile machines that can perform many
tasks. However, robots themselves can be a hazard.
Many accidents occur during maintenance, repairs,
programming.
Other Aids for Guarding
 Hand and Power Tools

• Pneumatic Tools: Powered by compressed air(jack

hammers, drills, nailing guns etc)
• Powder actuated tools: Use a small, controlled
explosion(fastener gun, some nail guns)
• Building and Construction Tools: Wrenches, hammers,
pliers, saws, crowbars, etc.
• Electric power tools
• Small Engine Tools: Uses motor to power tool(weed
trimmer, leaf blower, etc)
• Fuel Operated Tools
• Hydraulic Power tools
• Impact Tools
Hand and Power Tools
General Guidelines for Machines

• Make sure all equipment is properly guarded

• Supervisors must make sure employees are properly trained on specific rules
pertaining to their work environment
• Deficiencies must be corrected immediately to ensure a safe workplace
• Report problems as soon as they occur.
• Machine must not be in operation unless there are guards
• Tags and locks must be in place before a guard can be removed from a machine.
 General Guidelines for Tools

• Use correct tool for job. Do not use substitutes.

• Inspect tools before use.
• Wear appropriate PPE for job.
• Maintain tools regularly; store in safe place after each use.
• Replace or repair defective tools