Machine Guarding

Group Members:
Galymjohn Kuras
Bharti Prasher
Abdullah Alsumayin
Jonathan Arranaga
Seth Boniface
—————-
Overview Topics we will cover:

● What is Machine Guarding

● General Information
○ Four types of Machine
Guarding
● Things to avoid
● What is 2 stage approach
● What is a Risk-Matrix
● Resolving guarding issues
● OSHA Recommendations
● Exercises/Training
 Why do we need Machine Guarding?
This video explains what work environment could be like without and with
proper machine guarding.
 Purpose of Machine Guards
Guards limit risks by preventing access to danger area

There are 4 general types of guards

1. Fixed
2. Interlocked Hazard
3. Adjustable Zone Lets
4. Self-adjusting Make it
Safer
 Fixed Guarding
A permanent part of the machine. Doesn’t depend on moving parts

Safeguarding Advantages Limitations

Action ■ Can be constructed to suit ■ May interfere with
■ Provides a many specific applications visibility
barrier ■ In-plant construction is ■ Can be limited to specific
often possible operations
■ Can provide maximum ■ Machine adjustment and
protection repair often require its
■ Usually requires minimum removal.
maintenance
 Fixed Guarding

Fixed
Guard Fixed guard for a pulley
Fixed guard on and drive preventing
Bench Grinder access to transmission
rotating shaft or
coupling machinery
 Interlocked Guard
When guard is opened or removed, the tripping mechanism and/or power
automatically shuts off and the moving parts of the machine are stopped. The
machine cannot cycle or be started until the guard is back in place.
Safeguarding Action Advantages Limitations
■ Shuts off power, stops the ■ Could provide ■ Requires careful
moving parts and maximum protection adjustment and
prevents starting of the ■ Allows to access the maintenance
machine when the guard machine for removing ■ May be easy to
is open; should require jams without time disengage
the machine to be stopped consuming removal of
before the worker can the fixed guards
reach into the danger area
 Interlocked Guard

Interlock
Guard

Useful with a machine Typical guard for head and tail

that has opening/closing section of a conveyor
components door
 Adjustable Guard
Adjustable guards are useful because they allow flexibility in accommodating
various sizes of stock.
Safeguarding Advantages Limitations
Action ■ Can be built to suit ■ Hands may enter danger area -
■ Provides a many specific protection may not be complete
barrier that applications at all times
may be ■ Can be adjusted to ■ May require frequent
adjusted to work with varying maintenance and/or adjustment
facilitate sizes of stock ■ The guard may be made
obstacles. ineffective by the operator
■ May interfere with visibility
 Adjustable Guard

Adjustable
Guard

Adjustable Guard
Angle grinder Woodworking band saw
 Self-Adjusting Guard
As the operator moves the stock into the danger area, the guard is pushed away,
providing an opening large enough for the stock. After the stock is removed, the
guard returns to the rest position.
Safeguarding Action Advantages Limitations
■ Provides a barrier that ■ Off-the-shelf ■ Does not always provide
moves according to guards are often maximum protection
the size of the stock commercially ■ May interfere with
entering the danger available visibility
area ■ May require frequent
maintenance and
adjustment
 Self-Adjusting Guard

Self Adjustable
Guard

Self-adjusting guard for a

drop saw
Useful Guarding Tool Lock-Out Tag-Out

Lock-out tag-out system is a temporary guarding that is used to prevent

anyone from turning on a machine until all the people who locked the
machine and tagged with the reason for the lock are finished and
unlock it.
Typical Common Issues
 What workers should avoid
Don'ts:
1. Assuming new equipment meets guarding safety
standards
2. Removing guards or failing to replace guards after their
removal for maintenance
3. Not updating machine guarding safety practices to meet
the needs created by new technology
4. Insufficient machine guard training with new
employees
Resolving Issues
Steps
1. Check the guard status
2. Do not use or continue to use
equipment without guarding
3. Mark the equipment
4. Contact Supervisor
5. Determine appropriate
solution
Design:
● Prevent Contact
● Be Secured in place or
Tamper Proof
● Create no New Hazard
● Allow for lubrication with
the guard still in place
● Not interfere with the
machine or tool operation
● Include a picture reference
OSHA Recommendations for Guards

OSHA recommends machine guards should:

1. Be appropriate for the hazards employees are trying to avoid
2. Be maintained in good condition
3. Be stored when not in use so that it is not damaged or lost
4. Be kept clean and fully functional
 OSHA Machine Guarding Exercises
Machine guarding standards are applied to following 3 Machines. Let's come up
with guarding ideas.
1. Brownie Pouch conditioning Machine
2. Scissor lift
3. Saw Machine
Types of guarding we will be using are:

Lockout Tagout Fixed Guarding Adjustable Guarding Interlock Guarding Self Adjusting Guarding
 Pre-Exercise Information. What is Two Stage
Approach?
The Approach is a risk assessment tool to identify a solution for a hazard.
▪ Change task,
function, location Hazards
Stage 1 layout etc. Eliminate
▪ Substitution of Eliminated
materials
▪ Engineering Controls
▪ Awareness / Reduce Risk to a
Warning signs & Safe and
devices, Placards etc. Acceptable Level
Stage 2 ▪ Safe Operating Balance
Procedures by combining
▪ Training (Operator, within these 5
Maintenance, etc.)
▪ Personal Protective actions
Equipment
 Pre-Exercise Information. Risk Matrix?
Risk Matrix takes into consideration Severity and Frequency to determine
the overall risk level. Overall risk is where frequency and severity meet.
Overall risk level chart
 Brownie Pouch Conditioning Machine
How can we guard this machine?

Hazard: Hand getting stuck during manual

pouch conditioning.

Risk Level (10): Severity (5) X Frequency (2)

 Which one of the following guards would best protect
from Brownie Pouch Conditioning Machine?

Adjustable Guarding Interlock Guarding

Lockout Tagout Fixed Guarding

Self Adjusting Guarding
 Brownie Pouch Conditioning Machine
Osha standard for conveyor Guarding:
1926.555(a) 1926.555(a)(3)
General requirements. Emergency stop switches shall be
1926.555(a)(1) arranged so that the conveyor cannot be
Conveyor systems shall be started again until the actuating stop
equipped with an audible switch has been reset to run.
warning signal to be sounded 1926.555(a)(5)
immediately before starting up Where a conveyor passes over work
the conveyor. areas, aisles, or thoroughfares, suitable
guards shall be provided to protect
employees required to work below the
conveyors.
2 Stage Approach for the Brownie Pouch
Conditioning Machine
2 Stage Approach:

Stage 1 (Design out): Since we are unable to design out this hazard so
we are unable to apply stage 1
Stage 2 (Combination approach):
● Add interlock guard so that if the guard open the machine should
stop operating,
● Since we should not be operating the machine without guards then
we will also fix the guard to the machine.
● Add siren at start of the machine and add E-stop pull code above
the conveyor.
 Scissor Lift
How can we guard this machine?
Hazards: Instability of the scissor lift, No
proper secured guard and risk of falling from
height.
Risk Level (15): Severity (5) X Frequency (3)
 How can we Guard the Scissor Lift

Interlock Guarding
Adjustable Guarding

Lockout Tagout Fixed Guarding Self Adjusting Guarding

The Guarded the Scissor Lift

We added fixed railing so the

workers can be safe!
 OSHA Standards that apply to the Scissor Lift

1926.450(b) - Fall protection 1926.450(b) - Fall protection, training,

requirements for employees inspection and design requirements of
working from a "work bridge" aerial lifts and scissor lifts/scaffolds.
in concrete construction work.
 Two stage approach for the Scissor Lift
2 Stage Approach:

Stage 1 (Design out): Since we are unable to design out this hazard so
we are unable to apply stage 1
Stage 2 (Combination approach):
● Fixed guarding should be added around the top part so people can
get in and out safely
● Make sure the parts of the machine are fixed before operating the
machine
● Employees should be trained and explained about the hazard so
they will prepared and make sure before they start working on it.
 Saw Machine
How can we guard this machine?

Hazard: Sparks coming out, Metal pieces

flying out and Blade may come loss and fly
out.
Risk Level (20): Severity (5) X Frequency (4)
 How Can We Guard The Saw Machine

Interlock Guarding
Adjustable
Guarding

Lockout Tagout Fixed Guarding Self Adjusting Guarding

 Gearded Saw Machine

The adjustable guard would

look like as circled.
And it will adjust as it cuts to
different depth
 OSHA Standards that apply to the Saw Machine
2 Stage Approach:

Stage 1 (Design out): Since we are unable to design out this hazard so we
are unable to apply stage 1
Stage 2 (Combination approach):
● Using proper guard through engineering control to make sure there
are no sparks coming out
● Make sure that each part is guarded before the machine is into
operations
● Employees should be acknowledge about the hazard and trained
 Video example of how guards enhance safety?

● Must go through all safety

procedures in order to use
machine
● Machine will not run without
shield in place.
● Adds an E-stop. (emergency stop)
● provides anti-restart protection if
there is a power outage.
 Review of topics covered

● What is Machine Guarding

● General Information
○ Four types of Machine Guarding Self Adjusting Guarding
● Things to avoid
Adjustable Guarding
● What is 2 stage approach
● What is a Risk-Matrix
● Resolving guarding issues
● OSHA Recommendations
● Exercises/Trainings
Fixed Guarding Interlock Guarding
Lockout Tagout
 References
(n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2019, from
https://www.repar2.com/project/safety-guards-for-turning-machines-
1tf/?lang=en.
(n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2019, from
https://www.thefabricator.com/thefabricator/article/safety/interlocks-
as-machine-safety-devices.
(n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2019, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuPNWLqJKZ4.
(n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2019, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWP92g0P1PQ.
(n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2019, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnDE4QuWyLU.
(n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2019, from
https://jeopardylabs.com/play/workplace-safety-308.
Administrator. (n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2019, from
https://www.dynamicvision.ca/services/immersive-vr.
Environmental Health & Safety. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2019,
from https://www.ehs.ucsb.edu/general-safety/machine-guarding.
Figure 2f from: Irimia R, Gottschling M (2016) Taxonomic revision of
Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales). Biodiversity Data
Journal 4: e7720. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720. (n.d.). doi:
10.3897/bdj.4.e7720.figure2f
Interlocks as machine safety devices. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17,
2019, from
https://www.thefabricator.com/thefabricator/article/safety/interlocks-
as-machine-safety-devices.
Johnson, D. (2019, September 30). Machine guarding: Compliance
problems continue. Retrieved November 17, 2019, from
https://www.ishn.com/articles/111566-machine-guarding-
compliance-problems-continue.
Machine Guarding eTool: Standards. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17,
2019,
fromhttps://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/machineguarding/standards.
html.
Multi Adjustable Milling Machine Guard. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17,
2019, from https://www.sponmech.co.uk/multi-adjustable-milling-
machine-guard-sp16.
Payson, A. (n.d.). Eau Claire company cited for 5 violations by OSHA.
Retrieved from https://www.weau.com/content/news/Eau-Claire-
company-cited-for-5-violations-by-OSHA-554724131.html.
Safety Hard Hat Labels - Lockout Tagout Trained. (n.d.). Retrieved
November 17, 2019, from https://www.seton.com/safety-hard-hat-
labels-lockout-tagout-trained-vc1461.html.
self-adjusting-guard. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2019, from
http://dametipping.com/self-adjusting-guard/.
Workplace Safety. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2019, from
https://jeopardylabs.com/play/workplace-safety-308.
Johnson, D. (2019, September 30). Machine guarding: Compliance
problems continue. Retrieved November 17, 2019, from
https://www.ishn.com/articles/111566-machine-guarding-
compliance-problems-continue .
Questions
Thank You!