WELCOME

To Lesson In

MACHINE GUARDING

NIP POINT

Prepared by: Jose N. Boroc

HSE Training/Auditing Specialist
DOLE Accredited OSH Practitioner
 MACHINE
REQUIREMENT
GUARDING
Any machine part, function, or process
which may cause injury must be
safeguarded.
When the operation of a machine or
accidental contact with it can injure the
operator or others in the vicinity, the
hazards must be either controlled or
eliminated.
 MACHINE GUARDING
BASICS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Mechanical Hazards Occur on the:

 Point of Operation:
 Power Transmission Apparatus:
 Other Moving Parts:
 HAZARDOUS MECHANICAL MOTION

Rotating Motion

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NIP POINTS
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HAZARDOUS MECHANICAL MOTION
BASICS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Rotating Motions
Rotating motions can grip clothing, and if through
a mere skin contact, it can force a limb into a
dangerous position.

The danger increases when projections such as

set screws, bolts, nicks, abrasions, and projecting
keys or set screws are exposed on rotating parts.
 HAZARDOUS MECHANICAL MOTION
BASICS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Reciprocating Motion

RECIPROCATING MOTION

CAUGHT “IN-BETWEEN”
OR “STRUCK-BY”
 HAZARDOUS MECHANICAL ACTION
BASICS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Cutting
The danger of cutting action exists at the point of
operation where finger, arm and bodily injuries
can occur and where flying chips or scrap material
can strike the head, particularly in the area of the
eyes or face.
 HAZARDOUS MECHANICAL ACTION
BASICS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Punching
 The principal hazard
occurs at the point of
operation where stock 20 TON
is inserted, held or PRESS PRESS

withdrawn. ACME
PRESSES
 HAZARDOUS MECHANICAL ACTION
BASICS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Shearing and/or Bending

 Mechanical shears
 Hydraulic shears DANGER
 Pneumatic shears CUTTING EDGE

 The principal hazard PRESS PRESS

SHEARITE
occurs at the point of POWER SHEARS
operation where stock
is inserted, held or
withdrawn. SHEAR TERROR
 Requirements for Safeguards
BA SICS
 Be OFattached
securely MACHINE GUARDING
 Create no new hazards
 Withstand operational conditions
 Allow for safe routine maintenance
 Allow for safe operator adjustments
 Withstand environmental conditions
 Provide protection from falling objects
 Prevent contact with hazardous conditions
 Create no interference in the conduct of work
 OSHA Requirements
BASICS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Defeating, altering, or removing safeguards
which can cause injury to workers, can leave
the person performing such actions liable
under the OSHA Act of 1970.
 Protective Clothing and Equipment
BASICS OFRequirements
MACHINE GUARDING
 Appropriate for the particular hazard(s)
 Maintained in good condition
 Properly stored when not in use
 Kept clean, fully functional, and sanitary
 Safeguarding Classifications
METHODS OF MACHINE GUARDING
1. Guards
2. Devices
3. Locations/Distance
4. Feeding and Ejection methods
5. Miscellaneous Aids
 Guards
METHODS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Guards are barriers which prevent access to
danger areas, there are four general types:

 Fixed
 Interlocked
 Adjustable
 Self-Adjusting
 Fixed Guards
METHODS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Fixed guards are a permanent part of the
machine and not dependent upon moving
parts to perform its intended function.
 Interlocked Guards..
METHODS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Interlocked guards are designed to
automatically shut off or disengage the
machine if the guard is opened or
removed

AUTOMATIC AUTOMATIC
VISUAL ALARM AUDIBLE ALARM
Guarding
Guard the exposed
moving parts of power
tools

Guard belts, gears,

shafts, pulleys, sprockets,
spindles, flywheels,
chains, or other moving
parts

Never remove a guard

when a tool is in use

17
Guarding - Point of Operation

This shows a
radial arm saw
equipped with
proper point of
operation guards

The point of operation is where the work is actually

performed on the materials – it must be guarded
OSHA Office of Training and
Education 18
Guarding Protection

Nip Point
Machine guards must protect the operator and
others from:
 Point of operation

 In-running nip points

 Rotating parts

 Flying chips and sparks

19
Radial Saw Guarding

Radial arm saw

equipped with an
upper and lower blade
guard

Guard to prevent the operator from coming in

contact the rotating blade

20
Guarding Portable Circular Saws

Guard these saws above and below the base plate or shoe. The lower
guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth.

21
 Table Saw Guarding

Hood guard

Use a hood for guarding

22
 Adjustable Guards..
METHODS OF MACHINE GUARDING
ADVANTAGES
 Can be constructed to suit many specific applications
 Can be adjusted to admit varying sizes of stock

LIMITATIONS
 Hands may enter danger area
 Protection may not be complete at all times
 May require frequent maintenance and or adjustment
 The guard can be defeated by the operator
 May interfere with visibility
 Adjustable Guards /
METHODS OF MACHINE GUARDING
 Typically adjusted by the operator
 Accommodate various sizes of stock
 May require additional operator training
 Adjustable guards are typically used on:

 Bandsaws
 Tablesaws
 Power presses
 Routers
 Similar equipment
 Self-Adjusting Guards
 Adjusts automatically to the work
 Accommodate various sizes of stock
 May require additional operator training
 Self-Adjusting guards are typically used on:

 Radial arm saws

 Tablesaws
 Circular saws
 Routers
 Jointers
 Similar equipment
 Devices..
METHODS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Devices fall into five general types:
 Presence-Sensing devices
 Pullback devices
 Restraint devices
 Safety trip controls
 Two-Hand Controls
 Two-Hand Control
METHODS OF MACHINE GUARDING
 Needs Constant Pressure
 Positioning Critical
 Adjustment Critical
 Maintenance Critical
 Training Important
 Must Stop Machine
Immediately!
 Restraint Devices
METHODS OF MACHINE GUARDING
 Uses Cables or Straps
 Affixes to Hands
 May Need Feeding Tools
 Adjustment Critical
 Positioning Critical
 Maintenance Critical
 Training Critical
 Must Restrain Body Part
From Hazard!
 Miscellaneous Aids
METHODS OF MACHINE GUARDING
Examples of Possible Applications:
 Awareness Barriers - (Not adequate for continuous hazards)
 Color coding of hazard areas
 Signage
 Shielding (i.e. splash, eye protective, thermal etc.)
 Holding and Positioning Tools . ///
THE END
Thank You