Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Compiled by
Dr. S.D. Allen Iske, Associate Professor
University of Central Missouri
CHAPTER 24
COLD FORMING OF METALS
Cold Forming of Metals
• Cold forming: The forming of blank metal into a shape.
• Cleaning and prying tools are essential for cleaning dies and
clearing jams.
• Simple and safe hand tools, which can be made, can save the
hands and fingers of operators.
Secondary Operations (Cont.)
Secondary Operations (Cont.)
• Safeguarding
• The safeguarding program should be based on an evaluation of the
specific problems.
• Bolster plate: plate attached to the top of the bed of the press component
where lower die or die shoes are attached.
• Single Stroke: one complete stroke of the slide, usually initiated from a
full-open position, followed by closing, and then returned to the full-open
position.
• fixed-barrier guards
• adjustable-barrier guards
Point-of-Operation Safeguarding
(Cont.)
Point-of-Operation Safeguarding
(Cont.)
Point-of-Operation Safeguarding
(Cont.)
• A safeguarding device controls access to the point of
operation.
• Pull-back devices
• Usually limited to secondary operations.
• Restraints
• Presence sensing devices
Safeguarding Full-Revolution Clutch
Power Presses
• Guards
• fixed die-enclosure guard
• fixed-barrier guard
• adjustable-barrier guard
• Devices
• restraints, properly adjusted
• pull-backs, properly adjusted
• type-A, movable barrier, with an enclosure to prevent access
through areas not protected by the movable barrier
• two-hand tripping, located at a distance that exceeds the safe
distance for the particular press
Safeguarding Partial-Revolution
Clutch Power Presses
• Guards
• fixed die-enclosure guard
• fixed-barrier guard
• adjustable-barrier guard
• interlocked press-barrier guard
• Devices
• restraints, properly adjusted
• pull-backs, properly adjusted
• type-A or B, movable barrier
• two-hand control
Auxiliary Mechanisms
• Feeding and extracting tools
• Single-stroke attachments
• should be attached to full-revolution clutch presses
• will disconnect the pedal or operating lever after each stroke
Feeding and Ejecting Mechanisms
• Any mechanism that eliminates handling of work should
reduce exposure to those hazards, especially in the
operations that place the operator’s hands in a danger
zone.
• Primary operations
• Secondary operations
Feeding Mechanisms
• The 6 principal types of semiautomatic feeds are:
• chute
• slide or push
• plunger
• slide die
• dial
• revolving die
Feeding Mechanisms—Straight
Chute
Feeding Mechanisms—Push Feed
Feeding Mechanisms—Plunger
Feed
Ejecting Mechanisms
• Properly designed and installed ejector mechanisms will
eliminate many common hazards by automatically
clearing the press.
• foot injuries from dies slipping off trucks, benches, bolster plates, or
storage shelves
• crushing injuries from body parts caught between the die and press, pinch
points, and other movements
• hand injuries or amputations from sudden descent of the ram due to brake
failure
• lacerations from wrenches slipping off worn nuts or incorrect tools used
• Install
point-of-operation devices, such as presence-sensing
devices, gates, or movable barriers, pull-backs, etc.