“LEARNERS WITH

SPECIAL EDUCATION
NEEDS”
Learners with Difficulty in
Remembering
A PRESENTATION BY: JULIE B. TRAYCO
DEFINITION:
 Special educational needs' is a legal definition and refers to
children with learning problems or disabilities that make it harder
for them to learn than most children the same age.

 One example of a processing disorder can involve memory. If information is stored

in long-term memory, which ranges from 5 minutes to years, it must be “catalogued”,
meaning it will be stored in such a way that makes it easier to remember at a later time.

 Long-term memory represents stored information of a longer duration. ... Short-

term memory deficits in children are more common than long-term memory deficits and
may be a sign of a learning disability.
 IDENTIFICATION: WHAT ARE
SOME SIGNS OF LEARNING
DISABILITIES?
Ø Problems
Ø Problems with Ø Problems paying
reading and/or Ø Poor memory.
math. attention.
writing.

Ø Trouble Ø Trouble telling Ø Problems staying

Ø Clumsiness.
following directions. time. organized.
LEARNING CHARACTERISTIC: REMEMBERING
 Students who have difficulty with memory may have deficits in
encoding information, in storing information in the long-term memory,
or in retrieving information from long-term.

THREE TYPES OF PROBLEMS IN REMEMBERING

1. PROBLEMS WITH ENCODING INFORMATION

-Children who have attention deficiency often have trouble with this first
memory process because they tune in and out in the classroom.
-Learners who have deficits in encoding information memory may have trouble
remembering directions or what they have just read.
2. PROBLEMS WITH WORKING MEMORY
-Working Memory is an Active Mental Workspace. It allows us to
hold and manipulate information for a few seconds during problem
solving and other cognitive task.
-It guides our behavior and actions and not dominated by mediate
sensory cues in the environmental like noise.
-It depends on the long term memory.
-Students who have deficits in the working memory may have trouble
in absorbing information or directions.

3. PROBLEMS WITH LONG-TERM MEMORY (STORAGE)

-Students who have deficits in long-term may the memory research literature
called as paired associates like two quantities that “hang together” (face-name,
countries-continents, events-dates).
General Education Adoption:
 General Education is the program of education that typically
developing children should receive, based on state standards and evaluated
by the annual state educational standards test. It is the preferred way of
describing its synonym, "regular education." It is preferred because the
term "regular" connotes that children receiving special education services
are somehow "irregular."

 General Education is now the default position since the passage of the
reauthorization of IDEA, now called IDEIA (The Individuals with Disabilities
Education Improvement Act.) All children should spend a significant amount of
time in a general education classroom, unless it is in the best interest of the child, or
because the child is a danger to him/herself or others. The amount of time a child
spends in the general education program is part of his or her Placement.
QUESTIONS TO PONDER:

______1. This refers to children with learning problems or disabilities that make it
harder for them to learn than most children the same age.
A. Remembering C. General Education
B. Special Education Needs

______2. Which of the following are some signs of learning disabilities?

C. Alertness C. Trouble telling time
D. Poor memory D. Both B & C

______3. Matthew has trouble remembering directions or what he have just read. What
type of problems in remembering does he have?
A. Problems with encoding information C. Problems with long-term memory
B. Problems with working memory D. All of the above.
QUESTIONS TO PONDER:

______4. Teacher May observed that her student has trouble in absorbing information
or directions. What type of problems in remembering does he have?
A. Problems with encoding information C. Problems with long-term memory
B. Problems with working memory D. All of the above.

______5. Bastille easily recognizes the face of his classmates but have trouble
remembering their names. What type of problems in remembering does he have?
A. Problems with encoding information C. Problems with long-term memory
B. Problems with working memory D. All of the above.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING 