MIXTURES

BY POULOMI DAS
 MIXTURE- Definition

When two or more substances mix with

each other without participating in a
chemical change, the resulting substance is
called a Mixture.
 TYPES OF
MIXTURES
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
Sugar mixed with water is the most common example of a
homogeneous mixture. Homogeneous mixtures can be
defined as the mixtures which possess the same properties
and combination throughout their mass.
Examples of Homogeneous mixtures – alloys, salt, and
water, alcohol in water, etc.
 HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
Heterogeneous mixtures possess different properties and
compositions in various parts i.e. the properties are not
uniform throughout the mixture.
Examples of Heterogeneous mixtures – air, oil, and water,
etc.
SEPERATION OF MIXTURES
Distillation is an effective method to separate mixtures comprised of two or more pure liquids. Distillation is a
purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated. In simple
distillation, a mixture is heated and the most volatile component vaporizes at the lowest temperature. The vapor passes
through a cooled tube (a condenser), where it condenses back into its liquid state. The condensate that is collected is
called distillate.
SEPERATION OF MIXTURES
Winnowing is the process used to
separate heavier and lighter components of
a mixture by wind or by blowing air.
Winnowing method is most commonly used by
farmers to separate lighter husk
particles from grains.
 
When the husk particles introduced into the air,
it goes carried away by the wind. Then
the seeds of grain get separated and form a
heap near the platform for winnowing.
SEPERATION OF MIXTURES
Evaporation is a technique used to separate out homogenous mixtures where there is one or
more dissolved solids. This method drives off the liquid components from the solid components.
The process typically involves heating the mixture until no more liquid remains, Prior to using
this method, the mixture should only contain one liquid component, unless it is not important to
isolate the liquid components. This is because all liquid components will evaporate over time.
This method is suitable to separate a soluble solid from a liquid.
SEPERATION OF MIXTURES
Filtration is a separation method used to separate out pure substances in mixtures comprised of
particles some of which are large enough in size to be captured with a porous material. Particle size
can vary considerably, given the type of mixture. For instance, stream water is a mixture that
contains naturally occurring biological organisms like bacteria, viruses, and protozoans. Some
water filters can filter out bacteria, the length of which is on the order of 1 micron. Other mixtures,
like soil, have relatively large particle sizes, which can be filtered through something like a coffee
filter.
SEPERATION OF MIXTURES
Handpicking is ancient method of separation and we
frequently use it in our daily life. As its very simple method
of separation. Many heterogenous mixtures in which size of
particles is large enough are separated by simply using
handpicking separation method. While some heterogenous
mixtures you can’t separate by this method such as sand and
salt.
Examples of Handpicking Separation Method 
For separating the mixture of chillies and lady’s finger. (on the basis
of size)
For separating stones from rice, pulses and wheat. (on the basis of
size and color)
 SEPERATION OF MIXTURES
We can easily handpick or pluck the mangoes or tomatoes from the trees or plants. But, grain seeds are much
smaller than vegetables and fruits. So, plucking them from their stalks would be difficult and tiresome.
 
And that is where we are using the method called threshing.
Applying the threshing process, we can separate the grains or seeds from the stalks by beating the stalks
to free the seeds.
 SEPERATION OF MIXTURES
When we are using the rotti or maida flour, we remove the impurities by using sieve. This process is
called, sieving.
Sieving allows the tiny flour particles to pass through the holes of the sieve while the bigger
impurities remain on the sieve.
 SEPERATION OF MIXTURES
Separating the liquid from a vessels without disturbing the sediments present in a vessels is
called, decantation.
Simply we can say, that if a solid compound settled down in a liquid is called, sedimentation. And, if we separate
that liquid without disturbence is known as decantation.

The mixture of oil and water forms two separate layers. The component that forms the top layer which
is lighter can then be separated by decantation.
 
(iii) Displacement Reaction: The chemical reactions in which a more reactive
element displaces a less reactive
element from a compound is known as Displacement Reactions
. Displacement reactions are also known as Substitution Reaction or Singe
Displacement/ replacement reactions.
A general displacement reaction can be represented by using a chemical equation
as follows :
A + BC → AC + B
Displacement reaction takes place only when ‘A’ is more reactive than B. If ‘B’ is
more reactive than ‘A’, then
‘A’ will not displace ‘C’ from ‘BC’ and reaction will not be taking place.
Examples:
When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, it gives hydrogen gas and zinc chloride.
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)