English Language Skills

ANDLIB ZAIDI
Purpose of studying any subject?

Main Purpose
To communicate
 What is communication?

Communication is a process in which

message is conveyed from one person to
another
 What is communication?

Source Channel Receiver

Communication Process Model

Sender Receiver
Encodes Channel Decodes
Message Message
Noise

Channel
(Return message (Return message
decoded) Feedback Loop encoded)

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 What is Channel?

Channel is the device through which we

deliver our message to others
LANGUAGE
 Types of Languages
•Verbal
•Non-verbal

Verbal
• Speech
• Writing

Non-verbal Gestures, Signing

 Dimensions of communication
• Intrapersonal communication
• Interpersonal communication
• Group communication
• Public communication
• Intercultural communication
• Mediated communication
 Dimensions of communication
Intrapersonal communication
Refers to communication within self
Interpersonal communication
Involves communicating with one or more people
Group communication
In social and work group of five or more people
 Dimensions of communication
Public communication
To inform, persuade, influence or entertain a large group of people
Intercultural communication
Involves learning about other cultures and customs. It refers to not only
international but also at national level. In one society or one workplace
Mediated communication
Media as vehicle for channels. Internet, Radio, Television, Newspapers
 The Manager as
Communication Champion
External Internal
Information Information

Manager as
Communication Champion

Purpose-Directed Strategic Conversations Methods

Direct attention to Open communication Rich channels
vision, values, desired Upward, downward, &
Listening
outcomes horizontal channels
Dialogue Nonverbal
Influence employee Feedback communication
behavior Personal networks
Source: Adapted from Henry Mintzberg, The Nature Of Managerial Work(New York:Harper & Row, 1973),72.
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How Do the Levels of the Communication Hierarchy Work in an Organization?

Formal communication channels

• Downward communication
• Upward communication
• Lateral communication
How Do the Levels of the Communication Hierarchy Work in an Organization?

Downward communication
Information flowing from higher to lower level
It includes
Staff meeting, manuals, procedures, policy statements,
instructions, job descriptions, announcements, letters, memos,
telephone conversation, performance appraisals, counseling
sessions, interviews, meetings in halls and
How Do the Levels of the Communication Hierarchy Work in an Organization?

Upward communication
The flow of information from subordinates to their supervisors
It includes
Reports, memos, meetings and interviews
Lateral communication
The flow of information between people of same ranks, but in different
functional areas e.g. two supervisors of different departments
 Formal Channels of Communication

Source: Adapted from Richard L. Daft and Richard M. Steers, Organizations: A Micro/Macro Approach, 538. Copyright © 1986 by Scott, and Company. Used by
permission.
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 Why English?
• Lingua Franca
• World is a Global village
• Official language of Pakistan
 Purpose of teaching this course

The purpose of teaching this course is that in

whatever scenario, you wanted to convey your
message it should be clear, coherent, precise and
concise