Cascaded-DL-classifier-for-diagnosis-

Covid19&PenumoniaDiseaseinX-Ray
Under the guidance of

Presented By
 ABSTRACT
• Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are considered a powerful tool for
physicians to support identification of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-
19) using medical imaging modalities.

• Therefore, this project proposes a new framework of cascaded deep learning

classifiers to enhance the performance of these CAD systems for highly suspected
COVID-19 and pneumonia diseases in X-ray images.

• Our proposed deep learning framework constitutes two major advancements as

follows. First, complicated multi-label classification of X-ray images have been
simplified using a series of binary classifiers for each tested case of the health status.
 INTRODUCTION
• As we know there is rapid growth in COVID cases which is contagious disease
which it results in some cases a critical care respiratory condition such as Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV), leading to failure in breathing and the
death eventually.
• However, these RT-PCR tests showed high false-negative levels to confirm positive
COVID-19 cases. Alternatively, radiological examinations using chest X-ray and
computed tomography (CT) scans are now being used to identify the health status of
infected patients including children and pregnant women
• In this project we use deeplearninig algorithms and build H5 model training the
system.Using streamlit our web-app is created where person chest X-ray is
uploaded.later,H5 model compares the chest X-ray and datasets,Giving the
appropriate output with 91% accuracy.
 EXISTING SYSTEM

• In existing system threefoldCV and CNN algorithm was used.In this x-

ray is uploaded and resulat is shown positive or negative.
• In existing system it dosent show the affected area and it gives single
output positive or negative without consideration of pneumonia diseases
in X-ray images
• The accuracy in existing system is much lower than proposed system.
• It has been developed based on the architecture of pre-trained Xception
model , resulting an overall accuracy of 89.6%.
 DISADVANTAGES

• Diagnosing COVID-19 from X-ray images is a complicated task for

radiologists. They must identify typical patterns of the disease that are
often shared with other types of viral pneumonia, which leads to
errors in their diagnosis.
• This existing systems dosent show any other viral diseases.
 PROPOSED SYSTEM
• This project aims at proposing a new deep learning framework as a
radiological tool to support clinicians for automated diagnosis of
COVID-19 and pneumonia diseases using chest X-rays.Our preliminary
work (COVIDX-Net) [36] introduced deep learning models to confirm
only positive or negative COVID-19 cases. In this project, we present a
new version of our deep learning framework to constitute the following
advancements
 ADVANTAGES

•Developing a new cascaded form of deep learning image classifiers for

confirming COVID-19, viral and bacterial pneumonia diseases.
•Using multiple selective and reliable deep learning models to achieve the
best classification performance of pulmonary diseases in X-ray images.
•Proposed architecture of cascaded classifiers based on deploying different
deep learning models allows to obtain better performance than could be
obtained from other multi-label classifiers in previous studies.
•Extensive tests and evaluation of eleven deep learning models have been
conducted on a public X-ray dataset to verify the best performance of
proposed classifiers for detecting COVID-19 and other pneumonia diseases.
 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Operating system : Windows 7,8,10 Ultimate, Linux, Mac.

 Front-End : Python.

 Coding Language : Python.

 Software Environment : Anaconda(jupyter or spyder).

 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
 System : Intell I-3, 5, 7 Processor.

 Hard Disk : 500 GB.

 Floppy Drive : 1.44 Mb.

 Monitor : 14’ Colour Monitor.

 Mouse : Optical Mouse.

 Ram : 2Gb.
ARCHITECTURE
 UML DIAGRAMS

• CLASS DIAGRAM
• UseCase diagram
• Sequence diagram
Algorithm
1.CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)
A Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet/CNN) is a Deep Learning algorithm
which can take in an input image, assign importance (learnable weights and biases)
to various aspects/objects in the image and be able to differentiate one from the
other. The pre-processing required in a ConvNet is much lower as compared to
other classification algorithms. While in primitive methods filters are hand-
engineered, with enough training, ConvNets have the ability to learn these
filters/characteristics.
2. K-FOLD CROSS VALIDATION

Cross validation is an approach that you can use to estimate the

performance of a machine learning algorithm with less variance than a
single train-test set split.It works by splitting the dataset into k-parts (e.g.
k=5 or k=10). Each split of the data is called a fold. The algorithm is trained
on k-1 folds with one held back and tested on the held back fold. This is
repeated so that each fold of the dataset is given a chance to be the held
back test set.
MODULES

Numpy
Python has a strong set of data types and data structures. Yet it wasn’t designed for Machine Learning per say. Enter numpy
(pronounced as num-pee). Numpy is a data handling library, particularly one which allows us to handle large multi-dimensional
arrays along with a huge collection of mathematical operations.

Pandas
Think of relational data, think pandas. Yes, pandas is a python library that provides flexible and expressive data
structures (like dataframes and series) for data manipulation. Built on top of numpy, pandas is as fast and yet
easier to use. Pandas provides capabilities to read and write data from different sources like CSVs, Excel, SQL
Databases, HDFS and many more

Scipy
Pronounced as Sigh-Pie, this is one of the most important python libraries of all time. Scipy is a
scientific computing library for python. It is also built on top of numpy and is a part of the Scipy
Stack.Provides modules/algorithms for linear algebra, integration, image processing, optimizations,
clustering, sparse matrix manipulation and many more. .
Matplotlib
Another component of the SciPy stack, matplotlib is essentially a visualization library. It works seamlessly
with numpy objects (and its high-level derivatives like pandas). Matplotlib provides a MATLAB like plotting
environment to prepare high-quality figures/charts for publications, notebooks, web applications and so on.

Scikit-Learn
Designed as an extension to the SciPy library, scikit-learn has become the analysis. It provides capabilities to
perform regression analysis, handling of categorical variables and aggregate statistics.
de-facto standard for many of the machine learning tasks. Developed as part of Google Summer of Code
project, it has now become a widely contributed open source project with over 1000 contributors.Scikit-learn
provides a simple yet powerful fit-transform and predict paradigm to learn from data, transform the data and
finally predict.

Seaborn
Built on top of matplotlib, seaborn is a high-level visualization library. It provides sophisticated styles straight
out of the box (which would take some good amount of effort if done using matplotlib).Apart from styling
prowess and sophisticated color pallets, seaborn provides a range of visualizations and capabilities to work
with multivariate analysis. It provides capabilities to perform regression analysis, handling of categorical
variables and aggregate statistics.
CODING
• Tensorflow_gpu==2.2.0
• Streamlit==0.76.0
• Opencv_python==4.2.0.34
• Lime==0.2.0.1
• Matplotlib==3.0.1
• Scikit_image==0.17.2
• Keras==2.3.1
• Numpy==1.19.5
• Pillow==8.1.0
• Skimage==0.0
TEST CASES

NORMAL PNEUMONIA COVID 19

OUTPUT SCREENS

NORMAL PNEUMONIA COVID 19

OUTPUT SCREENS
 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

• This project presented a new framework for automated computer-aided diagnosis

of COVID-19, viral and bacterial pneumonia in chest X-rays, based on three
cascaded deep learning classifiers. Compared to previous studies, the proposed
cascaded classifiers achieved promising results to confirm positive COVID-19
cases using VGG16 model. Also, the ResNet50V2 and DenseNet169 models
identified viral and bacterial diseases successfully.
• In future improvements Furthermore, automated segmentation of COVID-19
infections in chest X-ray scans is the main prospect of this research work. This
segmentation task will significantly assist the clinician to follow-up the disease
progress in the lung of infected patients. To satisfy security and privacy requirements
for transmitting medical images over general communication networks securing
COVID-19 patient data will be also considered in the next version of our developed
deep learning framework.
REFERENCES

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Zambrano LI, Villamil-Gómez WE, Balbin-Ramon GJ, Rabaan AA, Harapan H, Dhama K,
Nishiura H, Kataoka H, Ahmad T, Sah R (2020) Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of
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