These are the most common

infections during pregnancy .

Urinary tract changes by normal
perineal flora such as E.coli
The pregnant woman is at risk for
developing bacterial infection of the
urinary tract because of factors co existing
with pregnancy ,which are mainly due to –
 pressure of the pregnant uterus against
the bladder and ureters resulting in :
 1.compression of ureters
 2.urinary stasis
 3 backward urine flow (vesicourethral
reflux)
In addition the pressure of the
growing uterus on the bladder
in early pregnancy and near
term can impair the drainage
of blood and lymph from the
hyperemic bladder
predisposing it to trauma and
infection .
Asymptomatic bacteruria
involves actively multiplying
bacteria within the urinary tract
in the absence of symptoms
Not all UTI shows symptoms
know as asymptomatic
bacteriuria (ASB) most common
cause is Escheriachia coli
In ASB ,bacteria rapidly multiply
in the urine without any
accompanying physical
symptoms .
The cornerstone of diagnosis of
UTI is the presence of bacteria in
the urine ,thus the need for
prenatal urinalysis is essential .
Significant urinalysis findings –
GLUCOSE –is often a normal
findings for pregnant women
PROTEIN- is not a normal findings
in the urinalysis of a pregnant
woman .
PROTEINURIA in the presence of
hypertension and edema indicate
PIH .
The health care provider should
be alert for danger signals of UTI
which include :
 frequency of urination
Painful or difficult urination
(dysuria)
Urgency and presence of pus in
the urine (pyuria)
Acute pyelonephritis ,the most
common serious medical
complication of pregnancy
occurring in almost 2% is
frequently a cause of septic
shock .It is more common in mid
pregnancy and is usually right
sided in the majority of cases
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 CYSTITIS AND URETHRITIS
 dysuria
Urgency
Frequency
Pyuria ,bacteruria and
microscopic hematuria om
urinalysis
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE
PYELONEPHRITIS
 abrupt onset of fever ,shaking chills
 aching pain on both lumbar areas
 thermoregulatory instability
 varying degree of respiratory
insufficiency
Urinary sediments shows leukocytosis
and numerous bacteria
NURSING CARE MANAGEMENT
For severe infection or acute pyelonephritis ,client
need to be admitted and give intravenous hydration
and antibiotics with careful observation for shock
Educate both the client and her family about how
the infection are acquired .
Discuss measures including proper hygiene which
decreases risk for infection .observe front to back
technique .
Increase fluid intake .
Wear cotton fabrics underwear instead of nylon
materials for proper ventilation .