TYPE OF STRUCTURES

FOR HIGH RISE

BUILDINGS
 TYPE OF STRUCTURES FOR HIGH RISE
BUILDINGS

Presented By:
AR .M Waleed Mujtaba
AR.Fahad zakir

Twin towers Kuala Lampur Malaysia

Presentation Outline
• Introduction

• Demands of High Rise Buildings

• Types of Structures for High Rise

Buildings

World Trade Center

High Rise Building:
• A building having 4-40 floors (15-150m) is
considered to be a High Rise Building.
• A building higher than 70 feet is to be
considered as High Rise Building (US
General Laws).
• Any structure where height can impact
evacuation is a high rise structure
(International Conference on Safety).
• Any Structure higher than 40 stories is
considered as Skyscraper.

15 Pak Row
High Rise Building:
• The concept of High Rise
Building was started by end of
19th Century.
• First high rise building was
constructed in 1884-85 in
Chicago.
• Architect: Wiliam LeBaron
jenny
• Height = 42m

Home Insurance Building, Chicago

Skyscraper:

Metropolitan life insurance building Empire state building

Height =214m Height =381m
Architect Pierre LeBurn Architect Sheve, Lamb and Harmon
New York city New York
Chicago tribune tower building
Height =141m
Architect Hood and Howells
 United States
Demand for High-Rise
Buildings
 
 
• Scarcity of land in urban areas
• Increasing demand for business and
residential space
• Economic growth
• Technological advancements
• Innovations in Structural Systems
• Desire for aesthetics in urban
settings
• Concept of city skyline
• Cultural significance and prestige
• Human aspiration to build higher

Once waylaid Potala Tower high-rise project

Loads on High Rise Building:
• Gravity Loads
• Dead Loads
• Live Loads
• Snow Loads
• Lateral Loads
• Wind Loads
• Seismic Loads
• Special Loads
• Blast Loads
• Impact Loads
Type of Structures for High Rise Buildings:
1. Braced Frame Structural System
2. Rigid Frame Structural System
3. Wall Frame System
4. Shear Wall System
5. Moment Resisting System
6. Core and Outrigger Structural System
7. Infilled Frame Structural System
8. Flat Slab Structural System
9. Tube Structural System
10. Coupled Wall System
11. Hybrid Structure System

The Marina Torch, also known as Dubai Torch,

Dubai Torch Tower
1. Braced Frame Structural System:
• Braced frames are cantilevered vertical
trusses resisting laterals loads primarily
through diagonal members.
• Bracing members eliminate bending in
beams and columns.
• It is used in steel construction
• This system is suitable for multi-storey
building in the low to mid height range.
• This is efficient and economical for
enhancing the lateral stiffness and
resistance of rigid frame system.
• However, it might obstruct internal
planning and the location of doors and
windows. That is why it shall be
incorporated internally along with lines
of walls and partitions.
2. Rigid Frame Structural System:
• In rigid frame structure, beams and columns are constructed monolithically to
withstand moments imposed due to loads.
• It is suitable for reinforced concrete buildings.
• It may be used in steel construction as well, but the connections will be costly.
• One of the advantages of rigid frames is the likelihood of planning and fitting of
windows due to open rectangular arrangement.

• Members of rigid frame system withstand bending moment, shear force, and
axial loads.
• 20 to 25 storey buildings can be constructed using rigid frame system.
• Advantages of rigid frame include ease of construction, labours can learn
construction skills easily, construct rapidly, and can be designed economically.
• Maximum beam span is 12.2m and
larger span beams would suffer
lateral deflection.
• A disadvantage is that the self-
weight is resisted by the action from
rigid frames.
• Burj Al Khalifa which is the tallest
structure in the world is constructed
using rigid frame system.

Burn khilifa Dubai

3. Wall Frame System:
• It consists of wall and frame that interact
horizontally to provide stronger and
stiffer system.
• The walls are usually solid (not
perforated by openings) and they can be
found around the stairwells, elevator
shafts, and/or at the perimeter of the
building.
• The walls may have a positive effect on
the performance of the frames such as by
preventing a soft storey collapse.
• Wall-frame system suitable for buildings
with storey number ranges from 40-60
storey which is greater than that of shear
or rigid frame separately.
• Braced frames and steel rigid frames
provide similar advantages of horizontal
interaction.
4. Shear Wall System:
• It is a continuous vertical wall constructed from
reinforced concrete or masonry wall.
• Shear walls withstand both gravity and lateral
loads, and it acts as narrow deep cantilever beam.
• Commonly, constructed as a core of buildings
• It is highly suitable for bracing tall buildings
either reinforced concrete or steel structure. This
because shear walls have substantial in plane
stiffness and strength.
• Shear wall system is appropriate for hotel and
residential buildings where the floor-by floor
repetitive planning allows the walls to be
vertically continuous.
• It may serve as excellent acoustic and fire
insulators between rooms and apartments.
• Shear wall structural system can be economical
up to 35 stories building structure.
5. Moment Resisting System:

Moment-resisting frame is a
rectilinear assemblage of beams
and columns, with the beams
rigidly connected to the
columns. Resistance to lateral
forces is provided primarily by
rigid frame action – that is, by
the development of
bending moment and shear
force in the frame members and
joints.
6. Core and Outrigger Structural System:
• Outrigger are rigid horizontal structures designed
to improve building overturning stiffness and
strength by connecting the core or spine to closely
spaced outer columns.
• The central core contains shear walls or braced
frames.
• Outrigger systems functions by tying together two
structural systems (core system and a perimeter
system), and render the building to behave nearly
as composite cantilever.
• The outriggers are in form of walls in reinforced
concrete building and trusses in steel structures.
• Multilevel outrigger systems can provide up to
five times the moment resistance of a single
outrigger system.
• Practically, Outrigger systems used for buildings
up to 70 stories. However, it can be used for
higher buildings.
7.Frame Structural System:
A framework of beams and columns in
which some bays of frames are in filled
with masonry walls that may or may not
be mechanically connected to the frame.
Due to great stiffness and strength in
their planes, infill walls do not allow the
beams and columns to bend under
horizontal loading, changing the
structural performance of the frame.
During an earthquake, diagonal
compression struts form in the in fills so
the structure behaves more like a Braced
Frame rather than a Moment Frame. Infill
walls can be part-height or completely
fill the frame.
8.Flat Slab Structural System:

Flat slab is a reinforced

concrete slab supported directly by
concrete columns without the use of
beams. Flat slab is defined as one
sided or two-sided
support system with sheer load of
the slab being concentrated on the
supporting columns and a
square slab called 'drop panels'.
9.Types of
tube
structure

Framed
tube
Trussed
tube
Tube in
tube
Bundled
tube
10. Coupled Wall System:

Flat slab is a reinforced

concrete slab supported directly by
concrete columns without the use of
beams. Flat slab is defined as one
sided or two-sided
support system with sheer load of
the slab being concentrated on the
supporting columns and a
square slab called 'drop panels'.
11. Hybrid Structure System:

Hybrid Systems. ... Hybrid systems, is systems where a combination of precast and

other building systems are used, are used for various reasons.

A common hybrid system consists of hollow core slabs together with steel or cast-

in-situ concrete frames.
EXAMPLE:
WHAT HAPPENED ON
11 September 2001?
Architectural style: Structural expressionism
•Architects : Minoru Yamasaki and Emery
Roth & Sons

World Trade Center , New York

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