TRANSFORMER

 PRITISH SHARMA
 EL-395-2K17
 STRUCTURE OF TRANSFORMER
A transformer consists
of a soft iron core with
two coils of insulated
wire wrapped separately
around it. Each coil has
a different numbers of
turns, or loops.
 The primary coil is connected to an a.c.
supply. It acts like an electromagnet. The
secondary coil is where an alternating
potential difference is induced.

 Primary winding is connected to a source of alternating

voltage, alternating 
magnetic flux is produced around the winding. The core
provides magnetic path for the flux, to get linked with the
secondary winding.
 BASIC CONSTRUCTION
OF TRANSFORMER
Basically a transformer consists of
two inductive windings and a
laminated steel core. The coils are
insulated from each other as well
as from the steel core.
 A transformer may also consist of
a container for winding and core
assembly (called as tank), suitable
bushings to take our the terminals,
oil conservator to provide oil in the
transformer tank for cooling
purposes
  Laminated sheets of
steel are used to
reduce eddy current
loss. The sheets are
cut in the shape as E,I
and L. To avoid high
reluctance at joints,
laminations are
stacked by alternating
the sides of joint.
 TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
 A) On the basis of construction, transformers
can be classified into two types as; (i) Core type
transformer and (ii) Shell type transformer
 (B) On the basis of their purpose
Step up transformer: Voltage increases (with
subsequent decrease in current) at secondary.
 Step down transformer: Voltage decreases (with
subsequent increase in current) at secondary.
 (C) On the basis of type of supply
Single phase transformer
 Three phase transformer
 (I) Core Type Transformer
 In core type transformer, windings are cylindrical former
wound, mounted on  the core limbs as shown in the figure
above. Materials like paper, cloth or mica can be used for
insulation. Low voltage windings are placed nearer to the core,
as they are easier to insulate.
 (Ii) Shell Type Transformer
 The coils are former wound and mounted in layers stacked
with insulation between them. A shell type transformer may
have simple rectangular form (as shown in above fig), or  it
may have a distributed form.
 (D) On the basis of their use
Power transformer: Used in transmission network, high
rating
 Distribution transformer: Used in distribution network,
comparatively lower rating than that of power
transformers.
 Instrument transformer: Used in relay and protection
purpose in different instruments in industries
◦  Current transformer (CT)
◦ Potential transformer (PT)
 POWER TRANSFORMER
 The Power transformer is a
one kind of transformer,
that is used to transfer 
electrical energy in any
part of the electrical or
electronic circuit between
the generator and the
distribution primary
circuits. These
transformers are used in
distribution systems to
interface step up and step
down voltages.
RANGE OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
 The range of small power transformers can be
from 500-7500kVA
 The range of medium power transformers can be

from -100MVA
 The range of large power transformers can be

from 100MVA & beyond

POWER TRANSFORMER DESIGN
 The skeletons of
the transformer are
wound and
connected using
conductors to make
three 1-phase or
one 3-phase
transformer
 Three 1-phase transformer requires each
bank isolated from the additional and thus
offer continuity of service when one bank
flops. A single 3-phase transformer, whether
the shell or core type, will not function even
with one bank out of service. The 3-phase
transformer is inexpensive to make and it has
a smaller footprint, and functions
comparatively with higher efficiency.
POWER TRANSFORMER
SPECIFICATIONS
POWER TRANSFORMER APPLICATIONS
 Power transformers can alter from one
voltage to another at high power levels.
These transformers are used in various 
electronic circuits.
 The applications of the power transformer
include the transmission and distribution of
electrical power These transformers are
widely used by power plants, industrial plants
and traditional electric utility companies.
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
 A distribution 
transformer or service
transformer is a
transformer that
provides the final 
voltage transformation
in the 
electric power distributi
on
 system, stepping down
the voltage used in the
distribution lines to the
level used by the
customer.
CLASSIFICATIONS
 Distribution transformers are
classified into different
categories based on certain
factors such as:
 Mounting location – pole, pad,
underground vault
 Type of insulation – liquid-
immersed or dry-type
 Number of Phases – single-
phase or three-phase
 Voltage class
 Basic impulse insulation level
(BIL)
USES OF DISTRIBUTION
TRANSFORMER
 Distribution transformers are normally
located at a service drop, where wires
run from a utility pole or underground
power lines to a customer's premises.
They are often used for the power
supply of facilities outside
settlements, such as isolated houses,
farmyards or pumping stations at 
voltages below 30 kV. Another
application is the power supply of the
overhead wire of railways electrified
with AC. In this case single phase
distribution transformers are used.
Primary
 The high voltage primary windings are

brought out to bushings on the top of the

case.
 Single phase transformers, generally used in

the USA system, are attached to the overhead

wires with two different types of connections.
 Wye – On a wye distribution circuit, a 'wye' or

'phase to neutral' transformer is used.

 Delta – On a delta distribution circuit, a 'delta'

or 'phase to phase' transformer is used.

Secondary
 The low voltage secondary

windings are attached to three

or four terminals on the
transformer's side.
 In the USA and countries

using its system, the

secondary is most often the 
split-phase 120/240 volt
system
CONSTRUCTION OF DISTRIBUTION
TRANSFORMER
 Distribution transformers are made using a
core made from laminations of sheet steel
 stacked and either glued together with resin
or banded together with steel straps. Where
large numbers of transformers are made to
standard designs, a wound C-shaped core is
economic to manufacture. A steel strip is
wrapped around a former, pressed into shape
and then cut into two C-shaped halves, which
are re-assembled on the copper windings.
 The primary coils are wound from
enamel coated copper or aluminum wire
and the high current, low voltage
secondaries are wound using a thick
ribbon of aluminum or copper. The
windings are insulated with resin-
impregnated paper. The entire assembly
is baked to cure the resin and then
submerged in a powder coated steel
tank which is then filled with 
transformer oil (or other insulating
liquid), which is inert and non-
conductive. The transformer oil cools
and insulates the windings, and protects
the transformer winding from moisture,
which will float on the surface of the oil. 
THANKYOU