CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

 Prepared By:-

Farasat Abbas Khan

Presentation Summary

 What is a Centrifugal Compressor

 Basic Parts
 Types
 Overhauling of Centrifugal Compressors
 Performance Curve
 Performance Evaluation
What is a Centrifugal Compressor

“A compressor is a machine which compress a gas from low pressure

(the suction pressure) to a higher pressure (the delivery pressure).”
Centrifugal force generated by an impeller is used to pressurize and
accelerate the gas.
Gas in a centrifugal compressor is compressed by a series of impellers
rotating at very high speed, often in excess of 52,000 rpm.
Basic Parts of a Centrifugal
Compressor

 Casing
 Impeller
 Shaft
 Bearing Assembly
 Seals (Dry gas Seal, Gas Seal & Oil Seal)
 Inter stage Cooling System
 Diaphragm
 Diffusers / Guiding Vanes
 Balancing Drum
Basic Parts of a Centrifugal
Compressor

THRUST
ROTOR COUPLING
BEARING

JOURNAL BEARING DRY GAS SEAL JOURNAL BEARING

Basic Parts of a Centrifugal
Compressor

 Casing
The casing acts as a container for other components, and as a
pressure vessel containing the pressurized gas. A casing has
connections for piping, suction and discharge nozzles.
Basic Parts of a Centrifugal
Compressor
The Impeller
The impeller is the most important part of the compressor.
Rotating at a high speed, it energizes the gas by propulsion
from the vanes and passes it through the diffuser into the next
impeller or discharge volute, much the same as a centrifugal
pump passes a liquid
Basic Parts of a Centrifugal
Compressor

 Rotor

Rotor is a general term to call

the assembly of all the
rotating elements in a
compressor. These are the
shaft, the impellers, and all
other parts which rotate
together with the shaft.
 Basic Parts of a Centrifugal
Compressor

DRY GAS SEAL

It is used to provide shaft sealing and to prevent uncontrolled escaping
of process gas into atmosphere.
 Basic Parts of a Centrifugal
Compressor
 Balancing Drum
 The pressure on the rotor is
higher on the discharge side.
This imbalance in pressure
causes an axial force or thrust
that pushes the rotor toward the
suction end To reduce the thrust
onto the bearing, a balance
drum is fitted to the shaft next
to the final stage impeller
Basic Parts of a Centrifugal
Compressor
BEARINGS
 THURST BEARING

Tilting pad thrust bearings are designed to transfer

high axial loads from rotating shafts.

 RADIAL BEARING

Radial bearings are used to carry loads perpendicular

to the axis of the rotation.
Types of a Centrifugal Compressor

Centrifugal Compressors are divided into following

categories on the following basis:

On basis On basis
On basis On basis On basis On basis
of Vane of No. of
of Impeller of Casing of Driver of Suction
Angle Stages
Types of a Centrifugal Compressor

Types of Impeller

Semi
Open Closed
Open
Impeller Impeller
Impeller
Types of a Centrifugal Compressor

Types of Casing

Horizontal Vertical
Split Split
Casing Casing
 VERTICALLY SPLIT
(BCH TYPE)

Work is a thing to execute safety first .

5. INTERMEDIATE CASING
4. INNER CASING
11. 　 Coupling
１ . 　 DIAPHRAGM

7. DRY GAS SEAL

9. Coupling hub
8. OIL SEAL LABYRINTH

12. 　 IMPELLER SHAFT

10. 　 BEARING 2. 　 LABYRINTH

6. HEAD FLANG CASING

HORIZONTALLY SPLIT
(MCH TYPE)
UPPER CASING

LOWER CASING

ROTOR
 Single Train Hitachi Compressors

Suction Discharge
 Compressor Type Capacity
Pressure Pressure

284-C1 BCH408/A 69.13 Kg/cm2 96.36 Kg/cm2 125560 m3/hr

300-C1 BCH605 3.49 kg/cm2 6.27 kg/cm2 90174 m3/hr

411-C1 2MCH357 3.72 Kg/cm2 8.21 Kg/cm2 13713 m3/hr

 Nomenclature

2MCH - 357

Multiple
(Horizontally Split
35: Impeller Nominal Dia (cm)
Case) 7: Number of Stages

Number of
Compression Groups
MAKE: HITACHI
Types of a Centrifugal Compressor

Types of Vane Angle

Backward Forward
Straight
Curved Curved
Blade
Blade Blade
Compressor
Compressor Compressor
Types of a Centrifugal Compressor

Types of Drivers

Steam /
Electric
Gas
Motor
Turbines
Drive
Drive

Types of Compressor Suction

Single Double
Suction Suction
Compressor Compressor
Types of a Centrifugal Compressor

Types of Stages

Single
Multistage
Stage
Compressor
Compressor
Overhauling of Centrifugal
Compressor
Following different steps are involved for
Overhauling.

 Blinding
 Removal of instrumentation
 Removal of coupling cover & piping
 Removal of coupling
 Removal of coupling hub
 Removal of Drive End Bearing
 Removal of oil seal, Dry Gas seal & Gas seal (DE)
 Locking of rotor
 Removal of NDE Bearings
 Removal of oil seal, dry gas seal & gas seal (NDE)
Overhauling of Centrifugal
Compressor
 Removal of seal casings (both sides)
 De-bolting of top casing
 Removal of casing & rotor
 Cleaning of casing & diaphragms
 Cleaning of rotor
 Inspection of rotor
 Run-out checking & balancing of rotor (if required)
 Inspection of dry gas seals, journal bearings & thrust
bearing
 Placement of rotor
Overhauling of Centrifugal
Compressor
 Application of sealant on split line & installation of top
casing
 Tightening of casing bolts
 Installation of seal casings
 Install NDE bearings
 Install Gas seal, Dry gas seal & oil seal (DE)
 Lock the rotor
 Remove NDE bearing
 Install Gas seal, Dry gas seal & oil seal (NDE)
 Install NDE bearings & DE bearing
Overhauling of Centrifugal
Compressor
 Installation of coupling hub
 Alignment
 Installation of instrumentation
 Installation of coupling, its cover & piping
 De-blinding
Overhauling of Centrifugal
Compressor
Overhauling of Centrifugal
Compressor
Overhauling of Centrifugal
Compressor
Overhauling of Centrifugal
Compressor
Performance Curves

110%

105%

100%

95%

90%
Performance Evaluation

Performance Evaluation is done to find out how

efficiently a compressor is working. It is based
on following process parameters:

 Compressor Speed
 Process Gas Flow Rate
 Steam Flow Rate
 Operating Suction & Discharge Temp. & Pres.
THANK YOU