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Hydraulic compressors
for industrial machines
turbomachinery chapter 3 by TM 10/22/2021
Compressors are mechanical devices that compresses gases. It is
widely used in industries and has various applications such as:
o Air conditioners, (car, home)
o Home and industrial refrigeration
o Hydraulic compressors for industrial machines
o Air compressors for industrial manufacturing
Intercooler
turbomachinery chapter 3 by TM 10/22/2021
What are positive displacement compressors?
Unshrouded
UNSHROUDED
No cover = higher rotational speed.
Pressure ratio is proportional to (operating speed)^2
Unshrouded pressure ratio = 10:1.
Shrouded pressure ratio = 3:1.
Capable of generating higher pressures than shrouded
impellers.
Theoretical work
For radial vaned impellers, the formula for slip factor is given by Stanitz as
follows:
impeller, diffuser and the volute let us equate the work supplied from
enthalpy and Euler equation
Introduce
If the velocity of the gas approaching the compressor inlet is negligible then and
,
𝒃𝒎
𝒂 −
𝑬 =
The energy transferred is constant at all flow rates and hence the
characteristic is neutral.
E=a
• • •
• •
• •
•
•
Prefered
COMPRESSIBILITY EFFECTS
Diffusion is a very difficult process and there is always a tendency for the
flow to break away from the surface, leading to eddy formation and
reduced pressure rise.
It is necessary to control the Mach number at certain points in the flow to
mitigate this problem.
• The value of the Mach number cannot exceed the value at which
shock waves occur.
• The relative Mach number at the impeller inlet must be less than
unity
We have
Therefore,
Air leaving the impeller with radial velocity 110 m/s makes an angle of
25030’ with the axial direction. The impeller tip speed is 475 m/s. The
compressor efficiency is 0.80 and the mechanical efficiency is 0.96. Find
the slip factor, overall pressure ratio, and power required to drive the
compressor. Neglect power input factor and assume = 1.4, T01 = 298 K,
and the mass flow rate is 3 kg/s.