PROSES INTERAKSI DALAM

KEPEMIMPINAN
DEBIE DAHLIA, SKp., MHSM

Mata Ajar: Kepemimpinan Dalam Keperawatan

Program Magister FIK-UI
 TUJUAN TOPIK
Tujuan Instuksional Umum
 Memahami proses-proses interaksi yang terjadi dalam
kepemimpinan

Tujuan Instruksional Khusus

1. Memahami pengembangan kemampuan komunikasi dalam
kepemimpinan
2. Memahami fungsi komunikasi pada kepemimpinan
3. Memahami proses kelompok dan kepemimpinan
QUESTIONS?
 Background
 The Nurse communicates with clients, colleagues, superiors, and
subordinates
 Nursing practice tends to be group-oriented
 The leader is responsible for developing a cohesive team to meet
organizational goals
 The leader must articulate issues
and concern
 The ability to communicate
effectively often determines
success as a leader/ manager
Excellent interpersonal communication skills

The Most Critical Leadership Skills

 DEFINITION
 Communication as the complex exchange of
thoughts, ideas, or information on at least two levels:
verbal and non verbal. Thus, communication begins
the moment two or more people become aware of
each other’s presence (Chitty, 2001)

 Communication is the art of being able to structure

and transit a message in a way that another can
easily understand and/or accept
 THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Internal External
climate climate

Sender

Written Message Internal External

Non verbal climate climate

Verbal
Receiver
Basic Principles For Effective Communication
 Because each person different & thus makes decision &
perceives differently.
 Assessing external climate is usually easier than internal climate.
In assessing internal climate, remember that the human mind
perceives only what it expects to perceive.
 Effective communication requires the sender to determine what
receivers see & hear
 Organizational Communication Strategies
 Managers must understand the organization’s structure & recognize who
will be affected by decisions
 Communication is not a one-way channel
 Communication must be clear, simple, and precise (SBAR)
 Senders should seek feedback regarding whether their communication
was accurately received
 Multiple communication methods should be used, when possible, if a
message is important
 Managers should not overwhelm subordinates with unnecessary
information.
 SBAR as a Communication Tool
 S Situation Introduce yourself, & briefly state the
issue that you want to discuss

 B Background Describe the background or context

 A Assesment State what you think the problem is

 R Recommendation State what you would like to do to

address the problem
 Channels of Communication
 Upward communication
 Downward communication
 Horizontal communication
 Diagonal communication
 The Grapevine: Informal communication
 Communication Principles
 Educational level
 Self esteem
 Messages that are compatible with their expectation & are more
likely to listen the messages on topics about which they have read
 The more trustworthy the speaker, the less manipulative the speaker
is perceived to be.
 Majority opinion is more effective in changing attitudes than expert
opinion
 Communication Modes
 Written communication
 Face-to face communication
 Non verbal communication
 Telephone communication
Written Communication Within The Organization
 Know what you want to say before you start writing
 Put people into your writing
 Use action words
 Write plainly
 Use as few words as possible
 Use simple, direct sentence
 Give the reader direction
 Arrange the material logically
 Use paragraphs to lead readers
 Connect your thoughts
 Be clear
 Memo Format
 Date
Double space
 To:
Double space
 From:
Double space
 Subject:
Triple space
 Signature:
Triple space
 Copies:
 Elements of Non Verbal Communication

 Space
 Environment
 Appearance
 Eye contact
 Body posture
 Gestures
 Facial expression
 Timing
 Vocal expression
 Verbal Communication Skill

When attack by an aggressive person, an assertive person can do:

 Reflect: focusing more on the affective message
 Repeat the assertive message
 Point out the implicit assumptions
 Restating the message by using assertive language
 Question
 Listening Skill
 Aware of how their own experience values, attitudes, and biases
affect
 Must overcome the information & communication overload
inherent in middle management role
 The leader must continually work to improve listening skill by
giving time & attention to the message sender
 Integrating Leadership & Management in organizational,
interpersonal, and group communication

 Communication is critical to successful leadership & management

 A manager has the formal authority & responsibility to communicate with
many people in the organization
 The manager must understand each unique situation well enough to be able
to select the most appropriate internal communication
 The manager must determine what should be told, to whom, & when
 The interpersonal communication skill are more reflective of the
leadership role
 The integrated leader-manager also uses groups to facilitate
communication
Thank You