MEASURES OF

DISPERSION
Prepared by:
LARRY JAY B. VALERO, LPT
Measures of Dispersion
• Identify how a set of values spreads or fluctuates
• The measures of dispersion are the
a. Range
b. Variance
c. Standard deviation
d. Coefficient of variation.
A. Range
• The simplest measure of dispersion.
• It is the difference between the highest score and lowest score
Range for Ungrouped data:
The range of a set of data is the absolute difference between the highest and the
lowest value in the set.
The range is denoted by R.
R = |HV – LV|
where:
R – Range
HV – Highest value
LV – Lowest value
Example:
• The items listed below represent the scores of seven BS Mathematics
students during the final examination. Compute the Range.
89, 75,90,85,78,87,80
R = |90 – 75| = 15

• Suppose BS Applied Mathematics has 10 students and the height (in cm)
are as follows: 170, 165, 155, 160, 150, 149, 152, 161, 163, 175. Find the
Range.
R = |175 – 149| = 26
B. Variance
•  Mean
•
absolute deviation
• Consider the position of each observation relative to the mean.
• The variance of given data set is the average of the sum of the square
deviation of the observation from the mean.
• The variance from the population is denoted by and for the sample.
Variance for Ungrouped data:
Population Variance Sample Variance

Definitional    
formula

2 2
Computational     𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 𝑖 − ( ∑ 𝑥𝑖 )
2
formula 𝑠 =
𝑛 ( 𝑛 − 1)
Example:
•  Given a random sample of size, n = 4

3, 2, 2, 1.

Compute the variance.

Using the definitional formula

Using the computational formula

 
Suppose BS Applied Mathematics has 6 students and the height (in cm) are as follows: 170, 166, 171, 160, 150, 161.
Compute the variance.

Using definitional formula:

Using the computational formula:

C. Standard deviation
•  Based
•
on the deviations of all the scores in a series
• It is always computed from the mean
• defined as the positive square root of the variance
• denoted by “” for the population standard deviation and “s” for the
sample standard deviation.
• Population standard deviation

• Sample Standard deviation

 Example:
•  Given a random sample of size, n = 4

3, 2, 2, 1.

Compute the variance and standard deviation.

----variance
 
Suppose BS Applied Mathematics has 6 students and the height (in cm) are as follows: 170, 166, 171, 160, 150, 161.
Compute the variance and standard deviation.
D. Coefficient of Variation
•  The
•
ratio of the standard deviation and the mean and is usually expressed
in percent.
• Population

• Sample
 Example:
•  Given a random sample of size, n = 4

3, 2, 2, 1.

Compute the variance, standard deviation and the coefficient of variation.

----variance

-----standard deviation
 
Suppose BS Applied Mathematics has 6 students and the height (in cm) are as follows: 170, 166, 171, 160, 150, 161.
Compute the variance.
GROUPED DATA
•   • Range

ULHC – Upper Limit of the Highest Class

LLLC – Lower Limit of the Lowest Class

• Variance

• Standard deviation

• Coefficient of Variation
 Class Intervals Relative Frequency <CF >CF

18-26 2 22
18-26 2
27-35 1 31
27-35 1
36-44
36-44
15
15 40

45-53 5 49
45-53 5
54-62 8 58
54-62 8
63-71 6 67
63-71 6
72-80 3 76
72-80 3

 
 Class Intervals Relative Frequency <CF >CF

18-26 2 22
18-26 2
27-35 1 31
27-35 1
36-44
36-44
15
15 40

45-53 5 49
45-53 5
54-62 8 58
54-62 8
63-71 6 67
63-71 6
72-80 3 76
72-80 3
Total
Total

2 2
  2 𝑛∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 −( ∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 )
𝑠𝐺 =
𝑛 (𝑛 − 1 )
 Class Intervals 𝑓  𝑖 𝑥 𝑖 Relative Frequency <CF >CF

18-26 2 22 44

27-35 1 31 31

36-44 15 40 600

45-53 5 49 245

54-62 8 58 464

63-71 6 67 402

72-80 3 76 228
Total 40

2 2
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖=2014
 

𝑛∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 −( ∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 )
𝑛 (𝑛 − 1 )
 Class Intervals 𝑓  𝑖 𝑥 𝑖   𝑥𝑖 2  𝑓 𝑥 2
𝑖 𝑖

18-26 2 22 44   484 968

27-35 1 31 31   961 961

36-44 15 40 600   1600 24000

45-53 5 49 245   2401 12005

54-62 8 58 464   3364 26912

63-71 6 67 402   4489 26934

72-80 3 76 228   5776 17328

Total 40 2

2 2
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖=2014
 

2
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 =109,108
 

  𝑛 ∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 −( ∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 )   40 ( 109,108 ) − ( 2014 )
𝑠 𝐺2 = ¿ ¿  197.52
𝑛(𝑛 −1) 40(40− 1)
 Class Intervals 𝑓  𝑖 𝑥 𝑖   𝑥𝑖 2  𝑓 𝑥 2
𝑖 𝑖

18-26 2 22 44   484 968

27-35 1 31 31   961 961

36-44 15 40 600   1600 24000

45-53 5 49 245   2401 12005

54-62 8 58 464   3364 26912

63-71 6 67 402   4489 26934

72-80 3 76 228   5776 17328

Total 40 2
𝑠  𝐺2 =197.52
𝑠  𝐺 =√ 𝑠𝐺2
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖=2014
 
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 =109,108
 

 
 
 Class Intervals 𝑓  𝑖 𝑥 𝑖   𝑥𝑖 2  𝑓 𝑥 2
𝑖 𝑖

18-26 2 22 44   484 968

27-35 1 31 31   961 961

36-44 15 40 600   1600 24000

45-53 5 49 245   2401 12005

54-62 8 58 464   3364 26912

63-71 6 67 402   4489 26934

72-80 3 76 228   5776 17328

Total 40 2
2
𝑠  𝐺 =197.52
  = 𝑠 𝐺 𝑥 100
CV
´𝑥𝐺
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥∑𝑖=2014
 

  𝑓 𝑖 𝑥  𝑖 2014
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 =109,108
 

𝑠  𝐺 =14.05 ´𝑥𝐺 = ¿   50.35

¿
14.05 𝑛 40
¿  𝑥100
50.35
¿27.90
  %
Measures of Relative
Position
• Measures of position identifies the rank or position occupied by a data from an array of data collected
• Three measures of relative position

a. Percentiles

b. Deciles

c. Quartiles
A. Percentiles
•  Are values that divide a set of observations into 100 equal parts
• These values denoted by
Example:
•  Given a random sample of size, n=12
• 4 7 8 2 7 5 8 9 10 14 3 4

Find the values of . Interpret the values.

2 3 4 4 5 7 7 8 8 9 10 14

 𝑃 50 =7
This means that 50% of the values fall below 7.

 𝑃2 0=4
This means that 20% of the values fall below 4.

 𝑃82 = 9
This means that 82% of the values fall below 9.
B. Deciles
•  Are values that divide a set of observations into 10 equal parts
• These values denoted by
• D
Example:
•  Given a random sample of size, n=12
• 4 7 8 2 7 5 8 9 10 14 3 4

Find the values of . Interpret the values.

2 3 4 4 5 7 7 8 8 9 10 14

 𝐷 5=7
This means that 50% of the values fall below 7.

 𝐷 9=10
This means that 90% of the values fall below 10.

 𝐷 1fall
This means that 10% of the values
=3below 3.
C. Quartiles
•  Are values that divide a set of observations into 4 equal parts
• These values denoted by
• Q
Example:
•  Given a random sample of size, n=12
• 4 7 8 2 7 5 8 9 10 14 3 4

Find the values of . Interpret the values.

2 3 4 4 5 7 7 8 8 9 10 14

 𝑄 1= 4
This means that 25% of the values fall below 4.

 𝑄 2=7
This means that 50% of the values fall below 7.

𝑄 3= fall
This means that 75% of the  values
8 below 8.
  𝑃 50 = 𝐷 5 =𝑄 2
Thank you for Listening! 