7-2 

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Eukaryotic Cell Structures

Eukaryotic Cell Structures

Organelles – structures within a eukaryotic cell.
Translation: “Little Organs”
Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into
two major parts:
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm – contains the
other organelles. Slide
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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Eukaryotic Cell Structures

Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth Nuclear envelope
endoplasmic
Ribosome (free)
reticulum
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum Ribosome
(attached)
Cell wall
Golgi
Cell membrane apparatus

Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Vacuole

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Eukaryotic Cell Structures

Animal Cell
Smooth endoplasmic
Nucleolus reticulum
Nucleus

Ribosome (free)
Nuclear envelope

Cell membrane
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(attached)

Centrioles Golgi
apparatus

Mitochondrion
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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Nucleus

Nucleus

The nucleus is the control center of the

cell.

The nucleus contains the cell's DNA

which is the instructions for making
proteins.

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Nucleus

The Nucleus

Chromatin

Nucleolus Nuclear envelope

Nuclear
pores

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Ribosomes

Ribosomes

Proteins are assembled on ribosomes

during protein synthesis.

Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and

attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Endoplasmic Reticulum

There are two types of ER—rough and smooth.

Endoplasmic
Reticulum

Ribosomes

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER – uses
ribosomes to make
proteins, modifies them,
and sends them to the
golgi.

Smooth ER – makes new

membranes and detoxifies
dangerous chemicals.
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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Golgi Apparatus

Golgi apparatus – receives, modifies, and

ships vacuoles (packages). It’s the UPS of
the cell.

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Golgi Apparatus

Lysosome – a vacuole that contains digestive

enzymes. It is used to break down bacteria and food
taken in by the cell.

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Vacuoles

Central Vacuole –
large storage space
in plant cells used
for storing water. It
gives the cell
internal pressure.
Vacuole

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Vacuoles

Contractile vacuole
The paramecium
contains a
contractile vacuole
that pumps excess
water out of the cell.

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

What is the function of the mitochondria?

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Mitochondria 

Found: All Eukaryotes

Function: convert food

into useable energy
through the process of
cellular respiration.

Mitochondrion

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Mitochondria and Chloroplasts 

Chloroplast

Chloroplasts 

Found: Only organisms

that do photosynthesis
such as plants and algae.

Function: capture energy

from sunlight and convert
it into sugar in a process
called photosynthesis.

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton

ctions of the Cytoskeleton:

eeping Cell Shape

ovement within the Cell
cytoskeleton is made up of:

crofilaments
crotubules

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton

Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane

Endoplasmic
reticulum

Microtubule

Microfilament

Ribosomes Mitochondrion
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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton

Centrioles help to organize the

cytoskeleton during cell division.

Cell Organelle Interactive

Plant and Animal Model Interactive Slide

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
7-2
In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually
visible as

•a dense region called the nucleolus.

•the nuclear envelope.
•granular material called chromatin.
•condensed bodies called chloroplasts.

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
7-2
Two functions of vacuoles are storing
materials and helping to

•break down organelles.

•assemble proteins.
•maintain homeostasis.
•make new organelles.

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 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
7-2
Chloroplasts are found in the cells of

•plants only.
•plants and some other organisms.
•all eukaryotes.
•most prokaryotes.

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