Monitoring results of Lughaya districts of

Awdal region
DRC implemented project activities
From November 14th to 19th, 2005
Method: observation, DRC staff and community meetings

Compiled by
Dr.Hassan N. Bilaal (assigned person by P. manager)
Ms. Amina Ahmed (Member of monitoring unit)
Introduction
DRC monitoring Unit has monitored DRC
implemented project activities funded by
UNHCR in the year 2004-2005 in Awadal
region. This presentation of the monitoring
results is based on project activities on
sectoral basis such as water, Agriculture,
IGP (RF and others), public infrastructure
(school, MCH, markets, roads etc), and
community empowerment.
Agriculture
Location Type Outcome Remarks

Osoli -Seeds -2 old farms are cleared - The farming system is communal
- Hand tools, - 2 old canals are dug with 60 households.
- Water - 2 hectares are under - old natural check dams were
pumps (3’’) cultivation damaged, sand left, water intakes
get down and, therefore, gravity
water is scarce
-Water pumps are idle due to lack
of water suction and delivery pipes
- Hand tools were broken down
due to poor quality (imported).

Tuurka -Canal -Properly functioning -60 households with 100 farms –

repairing - Farming system is 45 kits of hand tools, pesticides
- Inputs reactivated with sprayers, vegetable seeds etc.
-Farmer - Well benefited - Onion seeds were well
trainings
 Agriculture (cont. 2)
Location Type Outcome Remarks
Geerisa - Seeds’ - More land is cultivated - 10 farms were assisted
(Damal, provision -Production has increased - New farms were established
Haan & B. - Well lining -Alternative income and after the assistance and
Kulul) -Inputs like - community is interested to start
food source is initiated
- Hand tools, - Farming skills improved farming as alternative income
- Water and food sources since livestock
pumps income and production reduced.
- Farmer - Some distributed water pumps
training lack tools and fittings
-Community requested more
trainings in agriculture

Hoog faras - Seeds - More land is cultivated - 5 farms were assisted

-Inputs -Production has increased - New farms were established
- Hand tools -Alternative income and after the assistance and
Water food source is initiated community is interested to start
pumps - Farming skills improved farming as alternative income
- Farmer and food sources since livestock
training income an d production
reduced.
- Well lining
-Community requested more
trainings in agriculture
Agriculture (cont. 3)

Location Type Outcome Remarks

Sheed dheer - Seeds’ - More land is cultivated - 5 farms were assisted
provision -Production has increased -1 farmer received water pump
- Inputs like -Alternative income and - 5 New farms were established
- Hand tools, food source is initiated after the assistance and
- Water community is interested to start
pumps farming as alternative income
- Well lining and food sources since livestock
income and production is
reduced.

Fardaha - Seeds - More land is cultivated - 3 farms were assisted

- Hand tools -Production has increased -1 farmer received water pump
- Water -Alternative income and - New farms were established
pumps food source is initiated after the assistance and
- Farmer - Farming skills improved community is interested to start
training farming as alternative income
and food sources since livestock
income an d production
reduced.
-Community requested more
trainings in agriculture and
inputs
 Agriculture (cont. 4)

Location Type Outcome Remarks

Baliga -Seeds - More land is cultivated - 100 farms were assisted
- Hand tools -Production has increased -Livelihood of this village 80%
- Pesticides -Alternative income and from agriculture (farming),
-Canal food source is initiated growing mainly maize and
rehabilitation - Food security improved cowpea
(poor households have - unsafe use of pesticides
- Flood
better access to food) results death of both animals
protection
demonstratio and humans
n - Farmers including requested
-Farmer more agriculture trainings
training - Canal rehabilitation and flood
protection are ongoing activities
so the results were not
measurable at the time of
monitoring
- 80 % of RF received by women
group was invested on
agriculture
Agriculture (cont. 5)

Location Type Outcome Remarks

Garbo -Seeds - More land is cultivated - 100 farms were assisted
- Hand tools -Production has increased -Livelihood of this village 80%
-Water -Alternative income and from agriculture (farming),
pumps food source is initiated growing mainly maize and
- well casing - Food security improved cowpea
(poor households have - unsafe use of pesticides
- Pesticides
better access to food) results death of both animals
-Canal
and humans
construction
- Farmers including requested
- Flood
more agriculture trainings
demonstratio
- Canal rehabilitation and flood
n
protection are ongoing activities
-Farmer
so the results were not
training measurable at the time of
monitoring
- 80 % of RF received by women
group was invested on
agriculture
Positive/negative outcomes and recommendations (agriculture 6 )

Positive
- Agriculture production has increased and area under cultivated has also increased many farms
has been established
- New appropriate techniques have been introduced and adopted for instance (bamboo trees use
for flood protection)
- Community in the area were pastoralist and since there is continuous draughts animals
becoming less and less while farming is the possible alternative livelihood source and people
are interested to be farmers
- Availability and accessibility of fresh vegetables has improved
Negative
- The farmer training approach is weak due to less number of beneficiaries covered.
- Some of the distributed seeds were not germinated because seed of poor storage and harsh
climate
- Some Shallow wells are close to each other which could result water shortage in the long run
(in certain villages)
- Some of the distributed hand tools are poor in quality due to lack of quality control in the country
- Some poor communities are not using the water pumps due to lack of pipes
Recommendations
- The program has to think about more relevant training approach to reach many farmers
- Care should be taken when constructing shallow wells to avoid water resource misuse
- Local made hand tools are better than exported therefore, though this will take time, but black
smiths should be trained on it and tried as pilot
- The program has to develop criteria for assisting poor farming communities (contribution should
not be asked)
- Seeds should not be distributed during hot part of the season
 Water

Location Type Condition Remarks

1. El-la helay - 1 Shallow - Unprotected but -Hand pump was properly

well with community is using installed
water pump -Not functioning - It needs urgent improvement
and water pump installation
2. Gargaara Mini water - Not functioning - Reactivation is beyond
system - Broken down and silted community financial capability
up but still the community need it
3. Tuurka Shallow well -Totally
destroyed by flood -Flood damage is due to un
with Water - community use unclean technical site selection by DRC
pump water source which is far technical staff and community
from the village - Community feel the water
problem but have no plan to
solve
4. Baliga Shallow well - Unprotected and -Poorconstruction and hand
with Water functioning pump installation
pump - Worked only 10 days - Community has no plan to
after construction. improve
Location Type Condition Remarks

5. Kalowle - Rehabilitation - Functioning - One of the most relevant projects in 2004

of raised water - Main Water tank and pipe
tanks system is leaking due to
- System for poor construction fitting
Lughaya fixation
- Main tank is open and lack
in and out ladders that
caused not to clean the tank
- Generator is old and no
spare parts and lack lift
tripod chain in case of
repairing
- Community adopted cost
recovery system, but
management is weak
6. -Pipe system - Functioning
Lughaya with water - Community adopted cost
collection tank recovery system, but
- 1 Kiosk management is weak
-The bore hole has no spare generator,
therefore, Community in the area specially
pastoralists don’t relay on the water
availability
- Remaining activities need to be
completed such as pipe fixing, ladders,
animal troughs and proper plastering of
the tank ( to be clarified by the site
engineer)
- Water committee needs water
management training
-No strong management system in the
district in general
- 1 kiosk can't satisfy the community
- Community has no plan to extend the
system
- Tank is leaking and full of algae
- Water price is SL. Shs 2,500/CUM
- Poor households have no access to
system water and use shallow in the coast,
and there is diarrhea outbreak
Location Type Condition Remarks

8. Karuure - Water berkad - Properly Functioning -Strong management

committee
- Berkad is used for
animal watering only
because it is open
9. Geerisa - Mini water system - Ongoing -Community is happy to
have new mini water
system while old one is
broken
- Community has good
action plan for water
management in the long
run
- Very strong VDC with
community action plan
10.And 11 - 2 Shallow wells with - Properly constructed and - Water is free but VDCs
Hoogfaras had pumps (1 in each functioning have their own plans to
and village) repair the wells I case of
Fardaha break down
Locatio Type Condition Remarks
n
12. Sheed - 1 Shallow wells with had - Not functioning - Very strong VDC with
dheer pump community action plan
-Community is happy to have
new mini water system while
old one is broken
- Community has good action
plan for water management
in the long run

13. - Rehabilitation of Mini - Properly constructed and - Strong VDC

Garboda water system functioning but not DRC -Strong water management
dar consisting connected implemented project system
wells, generator, pipe - Money from water sales is

system, two tanks and properly managed by the

2 kiosks VDC
- 1 kiosk can't satisfy the
community
- VDC has plan to sustain
- Water price is SL. Shs
2,500/CUM
- Poor households (main part
of the community) have no
access to system water and
use spring water in the tog.
 Positive/negative outcomes and recommendations (Water )

Positive
- Potable water availability has increased in some areas
- Water management committees are formed, trained and functional in some areas

Negative
- Most of the water projects are not functioning well due to poor design, construction
and less supervision as expressed by the communities
- Refunding of same water projects due to natural disaster (flood)
- Lack of accessibility for poor households to improved water source (for example
Lughaya and Garbodadar) due to in ability to pay
Recommendations
- DRC RR sector should review and improve its water project designing and
implementation system .
- Skilled contractors should be selected through tender process with much involvement
of the community.
- It is very necessary to have continuous supervision during implementation of the
activities.
- In order to avoid refunding of activities, RR sector should have qualified
contractor/supervision and clear agreement between DRC and the Community.
- During selection of the sites DRC concerned staff should agree the community to
contribute their ideas, because they know more.
 Schools
Location Number of Physical Condition Remarks
rooms
1. El-la helay 2 -Minor wall cracks and -Grade: I to II
classrooms, veranda floor damage - 33 pupils (Grade I, 22 and
Office, due to poor construction Grade II 11pupils)
store, four -Water reservoir and - 1 teacher
latrines and roof water collection - Fees (free) MoE not
CUM 1.5 system was not
water supported the school
connected together
reservoir - Community have no plan for
teacher incentive
2. Gargaara 2 - Good -Grade: I to V
classrooms, -Operating - 45 pupils of which 13 are
Office, - 2 latrines are lacking girls (22, 6, 10, 9, 5, from
store, four doors Grade I to V respectively),
latrines and - 2 teachers
CUM 1.5
- Fees Sl shs 10,000/pupil
water
reservoir - Not supported by MoE
- Community have no plan for
school maintenance
Location Number of Physical Condition Remarks
rooms
3. Osoli 2 - Floor cracks and - Functioning
classrooms, veranda floor damage due -Grade: I to II
Office, store to poor construction - 42 pupils and 2 teachers
and 2 - No Water reservoir - Fees (free) MoE not
latrines and
supported the school
- School no black walls
- Natives in the Diaspora pay
teacher incentives but not in
regular basis.
-Community have no plan for
teacher incentive and
maintenance
4. Tuurka 2 classrooms, - Properly constructed - Functioning
Office, -Operating -Grade: I
store, four - 60 pupils and 2 teachers
latrines and
- Fees covered by parents
CUM 1.5
water (SL.Shs 15,000/child
reservoir - MoE not supported the school
-Community have good plan for
teacher incentive and school
maintenance
Location Number of Physical Condition Remarks
rooms
5. Fardaha 2 -Minor wall cracks and -Grade: I to II
classrooms, veranda floor damage - 33 pupils (Grade I, 22 and
Office, due to poor Grade II 11pupils)
store, four construction - 1 teacher
latrines and -Water reservoir and - Fees (free) MoE not
CUM 1.5 roof water collection
water supported the school
system was not
reservoir - Community have no plan for
connected together
teacher incentive
Positive/negative outcomes and recommendations (Schools)
Positive
- Generally child education accessibility has increased
- Child labor has decreased
- School are all functioning, enrollment has increased
- Generally physical appearance of the constructions are good
- Some parents adopted to pay teacher incentives
- Most of the communities are aware of the importance of education
Negative
- There are minor cracks in all constructions
- Two schools lack black walls
- MoE involvement is not there
- Teachers are scarce and not trained
Recommendations
- Community need to be mobilized more on education fro example teacher
incentives, school maintenance
 Community empowerment and sanitation

Location Type Outcome Remarks

El-la helay - 10 latrines - Latrines are functioning -VDCs axist but not active
-1 Sanitation but still lacking doors - Women practice sanitation’s
training for - Women adopted techniques
women only sanitation techniques -needs VDC empowerment
- 1 VDC training
Gargaara 10 latrines -VDC exists and not -VDC have no plan for the
-1 Sanitation active/mismanagement developing village activities
training for among the VDCs - Further empowerment is
women only -All latrines are functioning needed for VDCs and
- 1 VDC training - Community adopted community elders
improved sanitation
techniques
Tuurka 25 latrines - VDC exists and properly - This village can be good
-1 Sanitation functions example for DRC positive
training for -All latrines are functioning achievement in community
women only - Community adopted empowerment on sanitation
and VDC trainings
- 1 VDC training sanitation techniques
leaned from the trainings
 Community empowerment and sanitation (cont.)

Location Type Outcome Remarks

Osoli -5 latrines -All latrines are working - The village is inhabited by the
- VDC training - Community adopted poor and recent returnees.
- Sanitation improved sanitation - community are very weak due
training techniques to project contribution
- VDC exist but not active
Kalawle -5 latirnes -Latrine functioning -Community needs more
-VDC training -Poor H/sanitation training/awareness in sanitation
-Sanitation especially surrounding -VDCs needs more
training area of the water source empowerment
-VDCs nit active
Lughaya
Location Type Outcome Remarks
Karuure -5 latrines -All latrines are working -.
- VDC training - Poor H/ sanitation at the - the VDCs are well organized
- Sanitation water source surrounding
training - VDC exist and active
Geerisa -51 latirnes -Latrine functioning -Community needs more
-VDC training -Sanitation training is training/awareness in
-Sanitation functioning well especially sanitation both women and
women especially men
training
-VDCs are active and have
plans for the sustainability of
the village development
projects
Sheed dheer -10 latrines -All latrines are - All latrines are in use, and
Fardaha -25 latrines functioning community were happy about it
-Sanitation training is thought the quality is very poor
Baliga -10 latrines
conducted and functioning -Sanitation training is very
Garbo dadar 54 latrines
except Garbo active and the community
and provided
-Sanitation tools not adopted
sanitation
tools functioning (garbo) -VDC trainings needs
improvement for example they
don’t have plans for projects
sustainbility and not fair
(sanitation tools)
Positive/negative outcomes and recommendations (Community empowerment and sanitation)
Positive
- DRC has strongly set up CAP but majority of the communities are not aware of it but all the carried
activities are mainly based on the CAP
- Latrines were constructed and communities use and properly benefit, some constructions are poor
- All most all VDCs in respective villages have received 1- 2 trainings during the project
- VDCs capacity for running the day to day activities of their community ha improved
- Sanitation trainings were properly implemented and benefited by the communities in the respective
villages
- Sanitation tools were given to some villages and Level of diseases have decreased since the trainings
Negative
- In some villages, sanitation tools were not benefited due to mismanagement by VDCs
- Trainings are not continued in the project cycle while VDCs need more empowerment
- Sanitation awareness raising communication tools like boards, postures and microphones were not
used during trainings and campaigns
- Men were excluded from sanitation trainings
Recommendations
- Proper community information transfer tools should be developed and used during trainings and
campaigns
- Sanitation tools should handed over to the women group instead of VDCs
- DRC should have separate sector for water and sanitation and qualified persons should implement the
sanitation activities in all DRC development areas and working tools should be standard
- Communities should be given the CAP in written way
IGP (Revolving loan and other IGPs -1- )

Location Type Condition Remarks

Garbodadar RF -Functioning well - USD 5,000 were given for 50
- Women are well oriented and women
motivated - 25 received
-VDCs are involved in RF
management and problem
solving
- Women fully understand and
practice what they have learnt
from the training
Tuurka RF -Properly functioning - The women group (26
- VDC involved in RF management persons) USD 3,000 were
- DRC CDWs have neat relation given in total of two installments
with community. -22 have befitted/received from
the RF while only 4 are in the
waiting list
-RF is mainly used for farm
investment
IGP (Revolving loan and other IGPs -2-)

Location Type Condition Remarks

Gargaara RF -Not functioning
- Women group and the VDC
were not collaborating in any
project
-VDC in the village were not
organized at all
Baliga RF -Properly functioning
- VDC involved in RF
management
- DRC CDWs have neat relation
with community.
- USD 5,000 were given for 50
women
- 25 received
-VDCs are not involved in RF
management and problem solving
- majority of loan receivers
rejected to return the repayment
-The community /women group
have no plan for restarting the
loan.
- The women group (25 persons)
USD 3,000 were given in total of
two installments
-21 have befitted/received from the
RF.
-RF is mainly used for farm
investment
IGP (Revolving loan and other IGPs -3-)

Location Type Condition Remarks

Sheed- RF -Functioning well -Newly given
dheer - Women are well oriented and - USD 1,500 were given for 20
motivated women
- 9 received
-VDCs are involved in RF
management and problem solving
- Women fully understand and
practice what they have learnt
from the training

Lughaya RF -Functioning well -Newly given

- Women are well oriented and
motivated
- USD 5,000 were given for 50
women
- VDCs are not involved in RF
management and problem solving
- Women fully understand and
practice what they have learnt
from the training
IGP (Revolving loan and other IGPs -4-)

Location Type Condition Remarks

Fardaha RF -Not functioning - USD 3, 000
- 25 received out 0f 50
-VDCs are involved in RF
management and problem solving
- Women not fully understand and
practice what they have learnt
from the training
- Women committee and the VDC
have been change, and selected
new committee
- Both loan committee and the
VDC mobilized the women group
in order to restart the revolving nd
they have already collected USD
500 from the defaulters.
- VDC and women group have a
nice plan to revive the revolving
loan.
( Other IGPs -5-)

Location Type (Grant) Condition Remarks

Garboda -Shoe makers - Bakery is not functioning - The assistance is targeted to the
dar -Black smith but the structure exists poor, therefore, it is important to
-Tradition - Black is some how continue
bakery functioning (1 out of 5) - Some distributed tools are
- Shoe makers are not missing due to VDC
- Barber shop
functioning mismanagement for instance the
- Puncture barber shop tools
shop - Puncture shop is actively
running - Some of the beneficiaries are
- Barber is partially lacking skills such as Barbers
functioning - All the beneficiaries have place
to work in the constructed market
- All the businesses are productive
in and relevant in the village
- Villagers are happy to have this
kind of businesses in their village
-
( Other IGPs -6-)

Location Type (Grant) Condition Remarks

Lughaya -Salt - Individual salt makers not - The assistance is targeted to the
production benefited from the poor, therefore, it is important to
(individual and assistance but cooperative continue
cooperative) benefited from the -Some of the beneficiaries are
- Ice maker assistance and happy with happy to have this kind of
the assistance assistance specially the salt
- Ice maker is not production cooperative members
functioning - Ice maker project is not
functioning due to poor
management during
implementation for example the
generator is on the ground and
rusted, ice maker has no roof for
shade while the iron sheets and
wood are stored
- Community has no plan to run
the ice maker
- There is no overall management
system in the town (council is not
functioning)
Positive/negative outcomes and recommendations (Income generation RF and oIGPs)
Positive
- Most of the RF is properly functioning except 2 villages
- few other IGPS are functioning
- Business capacity of RF beneficiaries has improved
Negative
- Most of other IGP projects are not functioning
- Women groups need more trainings (continued)
- IGP projects are really targeting to the poor due to the criteria specially RF
Recommendations
- Number of trainings for women groups should be increased (repeated)
- DRC should think about how to assist the poorest newly returnees (grant)
- Other IGP project beneficiaries need management and skill trainings
- Feasibility studies should be undertaken prior to Other IGP projects
implementation
- Household index should be added with baseline survey, which will help to know
the impact
Other Public infrastructures

Location Type Condition Remarks

Lughaya Market -Notfunctioning
- Poorly constructed (no ventilation.
Congested and located unsuitable
area because of air congestion.)
Garbo -Market -Construction wise is good
-Functioning but not active
The market is not functioning and
the main reason was the
community’s rejection because of
the following factors:-
Poor design in construction wise
(As community reported)
Is uncompleted (no drainage,
hookers, table).
_the market is consist of two rows,
but women used only one row,
since they are few in number (only
18 are using continuously)

-World Vision had contributed staff

-MCH -Construction wise is good
-Functioning but not active
Geerisa MCH -Construction wise is good
-Functioning well
-Run by world vision Organization
incentives
- UNICEF had contributed clean
delivery kits.
-Community were happy about this
intervention
-the community have no plan for
the future management and
maintainers of the MCH
Feeder Road Rehabilitation
 Achievements:
 5 Km meters were rehabilitated and currently under function.
 Constraints:
 Only one way was rehabilitated and it is difficult to pass by two
trucks. If heavy trucks get mechanical problem, they may block the
road
 No drainage at all.
 It is more susceptible to rain and can carry away the road.
 The remaining parts of the road need to be completed
Positive/negative outcomes and recommendations public buildings )

Positive
- Constructions are Mainly properly done
- Markets, MCHs and roads were constructed and some are benefited by the
communities like road and MCHs
Negative
- Markets are not functioning as planned
- Road is not properly constructed (one way)
- MCHs are not sustainable because communities can’t sustain unless they get partner
to run it
Recommendations
- Market is not much benefited activities and less cost effectiveness in the most of the
rural areas, therefore DRC should not build markets.
- For MCHs , MoHL and community are not able to run the MCH, so DRC should not
build unless they got running partner.
- Donors should give consideration to DRC development approach during planning
this will enhance the sustainability of the project activities.
- Roads should have clear design and implementation procedure
- Projects’ hand over system should be improved and let all the parts present
Photo presentations